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Thema 1: Systeemziekten. Een complete samenvatting van alle tentamenstof! €4,99
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Samenvatting

Thema 1: Systeemziekten. Een complete samenvatting van alle tentamenstof!

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Op aanraden van mijn medestudenten verkoop ik nu mijn samenvattingen! In deze samenvatting maak ik veel gebruik van afbeeldingen, tabellen en opsommingen. Hierdoor hoef je geen lange lappen saaie en ingewikkelde tekst te lezen. In deze samenvatting staat alle stof van de boeken, colleges en leerdoe...

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  • 18 augustus 2022
  • 46
  • 2021/2022
  • Samenvatting
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KatieZara
Theme 1:


Systemic
Diseases
Summary




1

,Content
Week 1: Rash..........................................................................................................................................4
The skin..............................................................................................................................................4
Efflorescence......................................................................................................................................6
Psoriasis..............................................................................................................................................9
Other autoimmune skin diseases.....................................................................................................10
Other skin disorders.........................................................................................................................11
SCARs................................................................................................................................................12
Pharmacokinetics.............................................................................................................................13
Week 2: Joint problems and pain.........................................................................................................15
Joints................................................................................................................................................15
Joint pain and problems...................................................................................................................16
Inflammatory arthritis......................................................................................................................17
Microbiology.....................................................................................................................................21
Syphilis..........................................................................................................................................21
Relapsing fever.............................................................................................................................21
Lyme.............................................................................................................................................21
NSAIDs: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs...............................................................................22
DMARDs: Disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs..........................................................................22
Biologicals.........................................................................................................................................23
Week 3: Butterfly erythema.................................................................................................................24
Immunologic tolerance and autoimmunity......................................................................................24
Autoimmune diseases......................................................................................................................25
Systemic lupus erythematosus.....................................................................................................25
Antiphospholipid syndrome..........................................................................................................26
Scleroderma.................................................................................................................................26
Sjögren’s syndrome......................................................................................................................27
Systemic vasculitis........................................................................................................................27
Polymyalgia rheumatica...............................................................................................................28
Giant cell arteritis.........................................................................................................................28
Wegener’s disease........................................................................................................................29
Churg-Strauss syndrome...............................................................................................................29
Dermatology.....................................................................................................................................29
Discoid lupus erythematosus........................................................................................................29
Vitiligo...........................................................................................................................................29


2

, The kidneys: anatomy and histology................................................................................................31
Blood circulation...........................................................................................................................31
Microscopic image of the glomerulus...........................................................................................32
Different parts of the nephron and their functions......................................................................33
Juxtaglomerular apparatus...........................................................................................................35
Water and electrolyte balance.........................................................................................................35
Body fluid compartments.............................................................................................................35
Indicator dilution method.............................................................................................................35
Disturbance of the balance...........................................................................................................35
Regulation of renal blood flow.....................................................................................................35
Water, sodium, potassium, calcium and phosphate balance...........................................................36
Tubular reabsorption........................................................................................................................37
Micturition........................................................................................................................................37
Week 4: Complaints due to kidney injury.............................................................................................38
Acute kidney injury...........................................................................................................................38
Acute tubular necrosis..................................................................................................................39
Interstitial nephritis......................................................................................................................40
Crescentic glomerulonephritis......................................................................................................40
Chronic kidney disease.....................................................................................................................41
Nephritic vs nephrotic syndrome.....................................................................................................42
Dialysis..............................................................................................................................................43
Glomerular filtration.........................................................................................................................44




3

,Week 1: Rash
The skin
Function:
- Microbial barrier
- Prevents water loss
- Protects against UV radiation
- Sensory organ
- Aids in temperature regulation
- Production of vitamin D
Several layers:
Epidermis = stratified squamous epithelium
- Consists of keratinocytes  undergo terminal differentiation (=keratinisation) 
form distinct epithelial layers:
1. Stratum corneum: outer layer containing squames
2. Stratum granulosum: contains keratinocytes  contain fillagrin  binds to the
tonofibrils
3. Stratum spinosum: polyhedral cells containing bundled keratin and tonofibrils
4. Stratum basale: cuboidal cells attached to the basement membrane
Hemidesmosomes: attach cells to the basement membrane
Desmosomes: attach cells to each other
The epidermis contains:
- Epidermal ridges: enlarges epidermis – dermis connection
- Dermal papillae: supplies epidermis with blood
- Melanocytes: synthesise melanin  protects against UV radiation of the sun
- Langerhans cells: APCs that digest microbes on the skin




4

,Dermis: contains two layers:
1. Papillary layer: loose connective tissue with micro vessels
2. Reticular layer: dense irregular connective tissue containing larger blood vessels


Subcutaneous tissue: contains sensory receptors

Type Function
Free nerve endings Detect pain and temperature
Merkel cells Detect light touch
Meissner corpuscles Mechanoreceptors to detect light touch
Lamellated/Pacinian corpuscles Detect pressure and firm touch




5

,Efflorescence
Primary: to determine primary skin disorder




Macule Nodule




Plaque Papule




Weal Vesicle




Bulla Pustule




6

,Comedo


Secondary: to determine manifestation of underlying skin disorder




Crust Scalling




Excoriation Erosion




Atrophy Ulcer




7

, PEDESCE:
- Place
- Extent
- Distribution
- Edge
- Shape
- Colour
- Efflorescence




8

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