100% tevredenheidsgarantie Direct beschikbaar na betaling Zowel online als in PDF Je zit nergens aan vast
logo-home
VU Amsterdam European History 500-1500 full summary €3,44
In winkelwagen

Samenvatting

VU Amsterdam European History 500-1500 full summary

 88 keer bekeken  5 keer verkocht

full summary for European History 500-1500 (VU Amsterdam History and International Studies Year 1 mandatory course)

Voorbeeld 3 van de 27  pagina's

  • Nee
  • Onbekend
  • 2 oktober 2022
  • 27
  • 2018/2019
  • Samenvatting
book image

Titel boek:

Auteur(s):

  • Uitgave:
  • ISBN:
  • Druk:
Alle documenten voor dit vak (1)
avatar-seller
hosookim
Week 1: The Establishment of 5. Hierarchy of the Church
(1) Patriarch (pope=bishop of Rome)
Christianity (important cities=Rome,
1. Timeline Constantinople, Alexandrea,
Anitoch)
311 Christianity officially permitted
312 Constantine’s mysterious conversion on eve of (2) Archbishop(big cities) (Augustine)
battle of Milvian Bridge
(3) Bishop(diocese): civil administration
313 Edict of Milan (civitas)
363 Emperor Julian the Apostate (return to Roman
Gods)
(4) Parish Priest: administration of
379-395 Theodosius 1 made Christianity as a state sacraments, from local population,
religion going into each monastery
380 explicit call to convert to Christianity (everyone needs at least 1 person to
administer sacraments)
393-4 ban to Olympics, closure of temple of Apollo
400 first heathen martyrs fell (stoned by Christians)  Cardinals, curia: “the locked up” for the
decision of the popes, very close to
government, local nobility
2. Ethics of Christians
- Militantes pro Deo (fight for God)  Clergies, monks: practicing sacraments
- Filli ecclesiae (sons of the church) (physical manifestation)
- Candidate of a clergy = shave the crown of
the head(tonsure), based on canon law,
3. Theocratic Beliefs celibacy, privilegium fori, privilegium
- Caesaropapist: the secular ruler is the immunitatis
highest ruler - Important for people’s ‘salvation’ -> by
- Hieocratic: spiritual authority is the primary performing sacraments (forgive sins)
(Constantine, Theodosius 1)
- Dualism: separating spiritual and secular as  Saint: (martyrs, determined witnesses,
two autonomous spheres (Gelasuis 1) already won victories, 2 miracles,
- Doctrine of the two swords, clear division canonization, going through trial with devil
advocate, resides in heaven after death) =
mediators of God and human (legal
4. Christian Doctrine procedures –lawyers- were important to
- Creation / fall / incarnation / redemption judge these procedures)
(cruxification and resurrection) / second
coming of Christ (last judgement)
6. West Papal States
- Pope = new ally and protector of the Franks
(Carolingians)

1

, (ex) Pope Zachary recognized the mayor 9. Monasticism
Pippin as the ruler (751) - Vows of monks: poverty, obedience,
- An alienation between the West and the chastity (asceticism in solitude, withdrawn
East until reunification in 1450. from the world, in small communities)

- Monastic life: wisdom, spiritual freedom,
7. Material Wealth of the Church preserving sacraments, de-secularization,
- Proprietary church system (private obedience to the abbot, praying for the
foundations, separate institutions that people, put souls in purgatory, communal
constitute church, aristocracy) activities (prayer, eating, fasting)
- Levying tithes (1/10)
Ex1) Benedictines (the ‘stabilitas’): based on
Benedict of Norcia (485-560), work and pray, stay
in one community and obey, Pope Gregory

7. Ordinations of the Church Ex2) Peregrinatio(Irish): going outside (exile) to
preach and deliver the word of god, influenced the
= by practicing the seven sacraments, you
Frankish people
culminate into priest or bishop
 Eucharist (priest): transubstantiation,
confirmed in the 4th Lateran Council,
communion yearly obligatory
10. Orthodoxy and Heterodoxy
 Baptism (priest, deacon)
- Fathers of the Church: Ambrose, Jerome,
 Confession (priest)
Augustine, Gregory
 Confirmation (bishop)
- Vulgate: Latin translation of bible made by
 Ordination (bishop)
Gregory the Great, Jerome, Istrian
 Extreme unction (priest)
- St. Augustine(354-430): the “Confessions”,
 Marriage(contractants)
“The City of God”(410)

(1) The Trinity
8. Church Councils
- The relationship of father and son
= decisions made in synods or councils
 Arius(Arianism): Jesus is not god but the
= Carolingian rulers made through
first of all creatures
capitularies (from secular administration)
 Orthodox(C. of Nicea): son=father
(1) Council of Nicea (325): holy trinity, one+
 Homoiousios = two similar beings
holy catholic and apostolic
 Homoousios= one being
(2) First General Church Council(649):
- The holy spirit
Lateran in Rome, church discipline and
 Debate of filioque (= ‘and from the son’,
organization, reforms
1054 Eastern Schism, east vs west)

(2) The Nature of Christ
- Incarnation, relation of god and human
Christ
 Nestorians: 2 people, 2 nature
2

,  Monophysitism: 1 person, 1 nature Ex) Columba, Willibrod,
 Orthodox: 1 person, 2 natures (C. of Efesus Boniface(supported by the Franks) to
432 & Chalcedom 451) spread Christianity to Saxons

(3) The Nature of Church  Use of force (= the ‘doopbelofte)
 Donatism: purity is the central, no value of  Top-down movement
the sacraments made by the ‘unclean’ (<->  Took long time, gradual conversion
intrinsic values of sacraments are more  Politics involved, superficial faith
important)  set backs (Bonifactus 754), syncretism
 Pelegians: view of man’s free will and divine
grace, viewed man’s freedom of choice
curtailed by social circumstances (<-> 13. Christianisation and Syncretism
mankind is tainted by original sin) - slow, imperfect, social/mental penetration
- ambivalent attitude in use of force, text
essentials in Latin
11. The Iconoclast Controversy - Syncretism
- Destruction of icons, supported by ex) designation of time, identification of
conservative Christian communities, heathen gods, Christian saints and rites,
stimulated by success of Islam practices in magic or superstition
- Leo 3 (717-741) & Constantine 5: permitted ex) Heiland (old German Epos): translation
the bishops to destroy things of gospel, written Christ as a knightly figure,
- Iconoclasm become orthodoxy in 730- related to local culture
780/813-843 (Byzantine empire) ex) purgatory: built in 12th century
- Ended up renounced by the Byzantine
empire


12. Spread of Christianity
- Christianity always aiming at expansion
(1) Bishops appointed to Christian
communities (diplomatic actions)
ex) St. Patrick in Ireland
(2) Political insights
ex) Clovis (King of Franks, 466-511):
needed support of t
he Gallo-Roman elites=Church, linked
with military action
(3) Conversion of elites
: the conversion of Clovis (496) affected
the people, local population merge with
the elites and all become converted to
Catholic,
(4) Irish & Anglo Saxon Monks

3

Voordelen van het kopen van samenvattingen bij Stuvia op een rij:

Verzekerd van kwaliteit door reviews

Verzekerd van kwaliteit door reviews

Stuvia-klanten hebben meer dan 700.000 samenvattingen beoordeeld. Zo weet je zeker dat je de beste documenten koopt!

Snel en makkelijk kopen

Snel en makkelijk kopen

Je betaalt supersnel en eenmalig met iDeal, creditcard of Stuvia-tegoed voor de samenvatting. Zonder lidmaatschap.

Focus op de essentie

Focus op de essentie

Samenvattingen worden geschreven voor en door anderen. Daarom zijn de samenvattingen altijd betrouwbaar en actueel. Zo kom je snel tot de kern!

Veelgestelde vragen

Wat krijg ik als ik dit document koop?

Je krijgt een PDF, die direct beschikbaar is na je aankoop. Het gekochte document is altijd, overal en oneindig toegankelijk via je profiel.

Tevredenheidsgarantie: hoe werkt dat?

Onze tevredenheidsgarantie zorgt ervoor dat je altijd een studiedocument vindt dat goed bij je past. Je vult een formulier in en onze klantenservice regelt de rest.

Van wie koop ik deze samenvatting?

Stuvia is een marktplaats, je koop dit document dus niet van ons, maar van verkoper hosookim. Stuvia faciliteert de betaling aan de verkoper.

Zit ik meteen vast aan een abonnement?

Nee, je koopt alleen deze samenvatting voor €3,44. Je zit daarna nergens aan vast.

Is Stuvia te vertrouwen?

4,6 sterren op Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)

Afgelopen 30 dagen zijn er 52510 samenvattingen verkocht

Opgericht in 2010, al 14 jaar dé plek om samenvattingen te kopen

Start met verkopen
€3,44  5x  verkocht
  • (0)
In winkelwagen
Toegevoegd