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Samenvatting Thematic Seminar: The End Of History? Theories Of Modernity (5182KTC50): Idea for Universal History with Cosmopolitan Intent: on the Question: is the Human Race Constantly Progressing by Kant €2,99
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Samenvatting Thematic Seminar: The End Of History? Theories Of Modernity (5182KTC50): Idea for Universal History with Cosmopolitan Intent: on the Question: is the Human Race Constantly Progressing by Kant

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Samenvatting Thematic Seminar: The End Of History? Theories Of Modernity (5182KTC50): Idea for Universal History with Cosmopolitan Intent: on the Question: is the Human Race Constantly Progressing by Kant

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  • 22 oktober 2022
  • 3
  • 2020/2021
  • Samenvatting
  • thematic seminar
  • theories of modernity
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I. Kant, Idea for a Universal History with Cosmopolitan
Intent; ‘On the Question: Is the Human Race Constantly
Progressing?’
Whatever conception of the freedom of the freedom of the will one may form in terms of
metaphysics, the will’s manifestations in the world of phenomena

 For example: human actions, are determined in accordance with natural laws, as is every
other natural event

Since men neither pursue their aims purely by instinct, as the animals do, nor act in accordance with
any integral, prearranged plan like rational cosmopolitans, it would appear that no law-governed
history of mankind is possible

 as it would be, for example, with bees or beavers

First proposition
All the natural capacities of a creature are destined sooner or later to be developed completely and
in conformity with their end

Second proposition
In man (as the only rational creature on earth), those natural capacities which are directed towards
the use of his reason are such that they could be fully developed only in the species, but not in the
individual

Third proposition
Nature has willed that man should produce entirely by his own initiative everything which goes
beyond the mechanical ordering of his animal existence, and that he should not partake of any other
happiness or perfection than that which he has procured for himself without instinct and by his own
reason

Fourth proposition
The means which nature employs to bring about the development of innate capacities is that of
antagonism within society, in so far as this antagonism becomes in the kong run the cause of a law-
governed social order

Fifth proposition
The greatest problem for the human species, the solution of which nature compels him to seek, is
that of attaining a civil society which can administer justice universally

The highest purpose of nature (for example the development of all natural capacities) can be fulfilled
for mankind only in society, and nature intends than man should accomplish this, and indeed all his
appointed ends, by his own efforts

Sixth proposition
This problem is both three most difficult and the last to be solved by the human race

Problem

 if he lives among others of his own species, man is an animal who needs a master



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