Uitgebreide samenvatting van alle hoorcolleges, werkcolleges en aanvullende informatie van het boek voor het vak Qualitative Research Methods (ook wel MTO-E).
MTO-E / Qualitative Research Methods
Samenvatting tentamen 2022
Begrippen
Ontology
Assumptions about the nature of reality.
Epistemologische ideeën
Beliefs about how we can acquire knowledge.
Objectivism
Echt, dat kan je aanraken.
Constructionism
Concept dat in je hoofd zit.
Paradigm
Een paradigma is een mix van onze assumpties over de wereld en hoe we denken kennis te
vergaren.
Participatory action research
Onderzoekers maken deel uit van de constructie en moeten verantwoordelijkheid nemen.
Mensen moeten involved zijn in onderzoek.
Postmodernism
Er zijn meerdere realiteiten, en er is geen realiteit buiten de teksten en verhalen die deze
vormen van realiteiten beschrijven.
Validity
Findings are accurate reflection of reality
Replicability
Another research will be able to conduct the same research.
Reliability
If another researcher conducts the same, the results will be the same.
Credibility
Confidence in the truth of findings.
Transferability
,Showing that the finding can go in other contexts.
Dependability
Showing that findings are consistent and repeatable.
Confirmability
Neutrality, the extent to which the findings are shaped by respondents and researchers.
Statistical generalizability
Random sample from a sampling frame. Also referred to as external validity.
Statistical generalizability is about numbers: a small number is representative for a large
number (on the condition that random sampling was applied)
Inferential generalizability / transferability
Results can be similar in similar contexts.
Theoretical generalizability
Theoretical generalizability is about developing a more general theory that can apply beyond the
case that was being researched.
Purposeful sampling
The logic and power of purposeful sampling lies in selecting information-rich cases for study in
depth. Information-rich cases are those from which one can learn a great deal about issues of
central importance to the purpose of the research, thus the term purposeful sampling.
Snowball sampling
When respondents are difficult to reach, more aware who can provide good information, and
you want insight into social networks. Some valuable respondents may be missed.
Convenience sampling
Easy to reach respondents, but low quality.
Teleological
Consequences of the act determine the value, a decision can be made by simple calculations.
Deontological
There are universal values and rules that apply in every situation.
Vignette
Short stories about hypothetical characters in specified circumstances, to whose situation the
interviewee is invited to respond.
Self-contained method
Principal source of data.
Supplementary method
Pre-test and follow up.
,Multimethod study
In combination with interviews, observations, surveys.
Ethnography has a double meaning:
a. The study and systematic recording of human cultures.
b. A descriptive work produced from such research.
Primary data
Data that you collect yourself for the specific purpose of your study.
Secondary data
Data that has been collected by other researchers or researchers or research agencies for their
own purposes. Existing statistical data, existing interviews for research purposes.
Coding
From indexing and sorting to categorizing and theming.
Master list / codebook
During coding, a master list must be kept (a list of all the codes that are being used).
● In vivo codes they actually are the data
● Descriptive codes / topic codes describe the data
● Axial codes code for a family of codes
● Coding framework codes that are pre-existing
● Theory-driven codes codes derived from theory
Commonalities
In the process of analysis, codes become increasingly abstract (analytical).
Memos
The recording of ideas while collecting data.
Thematic analysis
A method for identifying, analyzing and reporting patterns within data. It minimally organizes and
describes your data in detail. However, frequently it goes further than this, and interprets various
aspects of the research topic.
Semantic codes
Capture the surface meaning of the data. The meanings Andreas was intentionally
communicating.
Latent codes
Capture the assumptions underpinning the surface meanings, or use pre-existing theories and
, concepts to interpret the data.
Theme
A pattern that captures something significant or interesting about the data and research
question. A theme is characterized by its significance.
Blue sky / black-box topics
Phenomena we haven’t studied before or we don’t quite understand yet
Grounded theory
Systematic guidelines for collecting and analyzing qualitative data,
To construct theories from the data themselves on human actions and social processes,
Inductively (theory-building); grounded data (not based on existing knowledge or theory.
Thematic / descriptive saturation
Data is collected until no more patterns or themes are emerging from the data.
Theoretical saturation
The point at which gathering more data about a theoretical category reveals no new properties
nor yield any further theoretical insights about the emerging grounded theory.
Narrative turn / linguistic turn
in social sciences led to increased focus on language as a vehicle through which meaning is
communicated.
Conventional research
Primarily for the sake of knowledge, knowledge for the benefit of society, meeting structure
quality criteria.
Non-conventional (or traditional) research
Different views on knowledge and on relationships between knowledge and society. Different
quality criteria.
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