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Unit 13- Task 2 Resub
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This document covers P4 and M2 which I achieved. P4- Explain the process of conception. M2- Assess ways in which individuals can ensure a healthy conception takes place.
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Unit 13, Task 2 ResubThis assignment will explain the process of conception, and also factors that can affect individuals who
are trying to conceive.
P4- Explain the process of conception
There are three stages to conception. Conception occurs when an egg is fertalised by a sperm. This may
take place through intercourse or In Vitro Fertilisation (IVF). Ovulation is the first part of conception.
Ovulation is the process of an egg being released by one of the woman’s ovaries, and travels through
the fallopian tube. Ovulation typically happens about 2 weeks before the start of each period.
As the hormone levels rise, the lining of the uterus gets thicker to support the body during pregnancy.
“Human life begins with conception. A fertile woman usually produces one egg cell each month, roughly
two weeks after the last menstrual period. The egg cell travels from the ovary, along the fallopian tube
towards the uterus. If sexual intercourse takes place while the egg is in the fallopian tube, there is a
possibility of conception. Millions of sperm are ejaculated by a man during orgasm. Just one sperm may
fertalise the egg. Fertilisation means that the genetic material in the sperm joins with the genetic
material in the egg to start a new life. Only about half of all fertilised eggs develop to become babies.
Many eggs are lost without a woman knowing that fertilisation ever happened.” (Stretch et al., 2014)
Intercourse is the second stage of conception. This involves the sperm being produced from the penis
through ejaculation to the vagina. The sperm then travels through the cervix and uterus into the
fallopian tubes, where fertilisation takes place. This is where a baby is conceived, and this can take up to
24 hours. Once a sperm has penetrated the egg, the eggs surface changes so that another sperm can’t
enter. Once fertilisation occurs the baby’s make up of genes is complete, including the gender of the
baby. The fertalised egg, zygote, is growing fast as this point, and dividing into many cells. It then leaves
the fallopian tube and then enters the uterus 3 to 4 days after fertilisation occurs. In some cases, an
ectopic pregnancy occurs, this is where the fertalised egg attaches to the fallopian tube. After the egg
gets to the uterus, the fertalised egg attaches to the lining of the uterus, this process is known as
implantation. The cells then keep dividing.
“In vitro fertilisation (IVF) is one of several techniques available to help people with fertility problems
have a baby.” (IVF, 2018) In Vitro Fertilisation, also known as IVF, involves removing an egg from the
woman’s ovaries and a sperm from the woman’s partner or donor. The egg is then fertalised by the
sperm. There are 6 stages to IVF. Firstly, the woman’s menstrual cycle is temporarily stopped with
medication. Stage 2 involves boosting the woman’s egg supply. “Medication is used to encourage the
ovaries to produce more eggs than usual.” (IVF, 2018) During the third stage, the woman’s progress will
then be monitored through ultrasound scans, and medication is used to help the eggs mature. The eggs
are then collected in the fourth stage. This is done by a needle being inserted into the ovaries, through
the vagina, to remove the eggs. The eggs are then fertalised by mixing them with the sperm for a few
days. Once the eggs are fertalised they are then placed into the womb. A woman then needs to wait two
weeks before taking a pregnancy test to see if the treatment has worked.
, M2- Assess ways in which individuals can ensure a healthy conception takes place
Both women and men need to take precautions to ensure that a healthy conception takes place.
Smoking
Smoking can cause fertility problems in men also, so it is important that both the male and female give
up smoking if they are trying to conceive. The following fertility problems can occur due to men
smoking. These include reduced quality of semen; this could then cause the semen to have a lower
sperm count compared to a non-smoking male. Smoking can also have an affect on the sperm’s normal
swimming patterns. Smoking is also known to cause male impotence, which is the inability to get or
maintain an erection. It takes a woman who smokes 3 times longer to get pregnant than non-smokers.
This is because it reduces the woman’s ovarian reserve, meaning that her ovaries will have fewer eggs in
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