Consists of 80 questions: 10 per problem and 10 for the lectures. Most answers are given with a clear explanation. Is very representative for the exam.
Problem 1
Question 1
What is the physical and psychological reaction to a stimulus or event that causes stress
called?
A. Stressor
B. Transaction
C. Strain
D. Appraisal
Question 2
Which of the following concepts is/are part of primary appraisal?
A. Harm-loss
B. Threat
C. Challenge
D. All of the above
Question 3
What can be said about the fight-or-flight response?
A. Perfectionist people in particular often experience this.
B. Your body produces unnecessary stress hormones during this reaction.
C. Your body will be alert to react to danger because of this, but it can also be bad for your
health if the response lasts for a long time.
D. This ensures that you are aware of danger far in advance, but it can also be a false alarm,
causing your body to produce stress hormones while they aren’t needed.
Question 4
What is the correct sequence of events in the alarm response (GAS)?
A. The adrenal glands are activated by the sympathetic nervous system and secrete
epinephrine and norepinephrine. After this, the HPA is activated. The hypothalamus activates
the pituitary gland which then releases ACTH. This causes the adrenal gland to secrete
cortisol into the blood, which further mobilizes the body.
B. The HPA is activated by the sympathetic nervous system, which releases epinephrine and
norepinephrine. After this, the adrenal glands release ACTH and the hypothalamus and
pituitary gland come into action and they secrete cortisol into the blood to further mobilize the
body.
C. The adrenal glands are activated by the somatic nervous system and secrete epinephrine
and norepinephrine. After this, the HPA is activated. The hypothalamus releases ACTH,
which stimulates the pituitary gland to release cortisol into the blood, which further mobilizes
the body.
D. The HPA is activated by the somatic nervous system, which releases epinephrine and
norepinephrine. This activates the adrenal glands that release cortisol, activating the
hypothalamus and pituitary glands that release ACTH to mobilize the body.
Lara de Jong
,Question 5
Which of the following statements is false?
A. High levels of allostatic load are related to poor health.
B. Distress is positive stress and eustress is negative stress.
C. Cortisol decreases anxiety in stress reactions.
D. The startle reflex is a reliable index for fear conditioning.
Question 6
Which of the following factors does not contribute to physiological stress?
A. Sleep.
B. Strong reactivity.
C. High exposure.
D. Slow recovery.
Question 7
Kim is studying in her room for the test she has to take this week. She is concerned that she
will not pass this test. Suddenly she sees a spider, which makes her tremble of fear.
What categories of fear are best suited for these situations?
A. Her concern about the test is best suited to a phobia because it is an irrational fear. Her
response to the spider is best suited to anxiety, which produces a vague feeling of discomfort.
B. Her concern about the test is best suited to anxiety because it is an irrational fear. Her
response to the spider is best suited to a phobia because it produces a feeling of discomfort.
C. Her concern about the test is best suited to a phobia because it produces a vague feeling of
discomfort. Her response to the spider is best suited to anxiety because it is an irrational fear.
D. Her concern about the test is best suited to anxiety because it produces a vague feeling of
discomfort. Her response to the spider is best suited to a phobia because it is an irrational fear.
Question 8
Which of the statements below is/are true?
I: A polygraph is designed to measure stress and measures respiration rate, skin conductance,
blood pressure, and heart rate.
II. Women are more likely to use the fight-or-flight response than men and women recover
less quickly from stress.
A. I is true, II is not true.
B. II is true, I is not true.
C. Both statements are true.
D. Both statements are not true.
Question 9
Which of the following statements is true about the amygdala?
A. When the amygdala is damaged, people get fear responses from conditioning, but they
don't know why.
B. When the amygdala is damaged, people can learn the association with a negative event, but
no fear conditioning takes place.
C. The amygdala is necessary for all forms of emotional learning and memory.
D. The amygdala has explicit knowledge of the emotional properties of a stimulus.
Lara de Jong
, Question 10
Which of the statements below is/are true?
I: The low road is used with automatism.
II. The high road gives a refined and complete analysis of sensory information.
A. I is true, II is not true.
B. II is true, I is not true.
C. Both statements are true.
D. Both statements are not true.
Problem 2
Question 11
What task for measuring attentional bias is described below?
Visual information is obtained through rapid eye movements called saccades.
A. Visual search task
B. Spatial cueing task
C. Dot probe task
D. Eye tracking task
Question 12
What happened when people had a lot of anxiety during the dichotic listening task?
A. These people identified more words with a threatening meaning than with a neutral
meaning.
B. There was no mood congruence.
C. There was a longer reaction time the more distracting information was given.
D. People who were afraid of spiders looked more at pictures of spiders than pictures of
flowers.
Question 13
Which statement about attentional bias is true?
A. There is no doubt that attentional bias is an automatic process.
B. It has been clearly proven that there is a causal relationship between attentional bias and
anxiety disorders.
C. Attention bias involves temporal change: the time course of attentional bias is unclear.
D. The expression of attention bias remains the same throughout a person's life.
Question 14
Which of the following models assumes that attentional bias is a top-down process?
A. The biased attention direction account
B. The self-regulating executive function model
C. The attention control theory
D. The cognitive motivational model
Lara de Jong
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