Deze samenvatting omvat de grammatica, spelling en taal van Business English op B2 niveau. Je leert o.a. de Present Simple, Present Continuous, Past Simple, etc. Maar ook adjectives, adverbs, verbs, modal verbs, nouns en infinitives.
H1 PRESENT SIMPLE
I work -- I don’t work -- Do I work?
You work -- You don’t work -- Do you work?
He/she/it works -- He/she/it doesn’t work -- Does he/she/it work?
We work -- We don’t work -- Do we work?
They work -- They don’t work -- Do they work?
Wordt gebruikt bij:
Permanent situations
For actions and situations that are generally or permanently true:
IBM is one of the largest computer companies, it manufactures mainframes and sells
its products all over the world
Routines and frequency
To talk about routines and things we do regularly:
I usually get to the showroom at about 8.00 and I have a quick look at my emails.
The sales reps arrive at 8.15 and we open at 8.30.
Facts
To talk about scientific or other facts:
Superconductors are materials that conduct electricity and do not create electrical
resistance.
Programmes and timetables
To talk about programmes and timetables, which can refer to the future:
The train to London leaves at 7.45 and gets in to Paddington at 8.45. Then you catch
the Heathrow Express to the airport – it goes every fifteen minutes.
,H2 PRESENT CONTINUOUS
I’m working – I’m not working -- Am I working?
You are working – You aren’t working -- Are you working?
He/she/it’s working – He/she/it isn’t working – Is he/she/it working?
We are working – We aren’t working -- Are we working?
They are working – They aren’t working – Are they working?
Wordt gebruikt bij:
Moment of speaking
Used to talk about an activity taking place at the moment of speaking:
I’m afraid Jolie isn’t available at the moment. He is talking to someone else.
Current projects
To talk about actions or activities and current projects that are taking place over a
period of time (even if they are not taking place precisely at the moment of
speaking):
At the moment we are building a new estate with 200 houses and we are
negotiating with the council the sale of some land.
Temporary situations
Used to indicate that an action or activity is temporary rather than permanent,
compare:
Janet organizes our book launches
(present simple)
Janet is organizing the book launches, because Jolie is away on maternity leave
(present continuous because this is only true for a limited time)
Slow changes
Used to describe current trends and slow changes that are taking place:
The latest economic statics show that inflation is falling in the Eurozone countries
and the Economy is growing at an annual rate of 2.6%.
,H3 PAST SIMPLE
I worked – I didn’t work – Did I work?
You worked – You didn’t work – Did you work?
He/she/it worked – He/she/it didn’t work – Did he/she/it work?
We worked – We didn’t work – Did we work?
They worked – They didn’t work – Did they work?
Wordt gebruikt bij:
Used to talk about completed actions in the past:
The church collapsed in 1995 and the neighborhood lost 800 million dollars. A bank
bought a new church for the village.
Used with past time expressions:
At 6 o’clock/the end of the year/Christmas
On Tuesday/15th May/New Year’s Day
In January/1977/summer
Used to address an exact/unexact passed time:
Yesterday, last Monday, last April, a few days ago, the day before yesterday
A long time ago, a while back, sometime ago
, H4 PRESENT PERFECT
I have taken – I haven’t taken – Have I taken?
You have taken – You haven’t taken – Have you taken?
He/she/it has taken – He/she/it hasn’t taken – Has he/she/it taken?
We have taken – We haven’t taken – Haven’t we taken?
They have taken – They haven’t taken – Have they taken?
Wordt gebruikt bij:
Used for an action that has started in the past and is still taking place:
I have lived in Bristol since 1984 (= still living here)
She has been to the cinema twice this week (= the week is not over yet)
Actions that are repeating themselves:
We have visited Portugal several times
Used with word ‘just’ to talk about very recent news or actions that have taken place
very recently:
I have just finished my homework.
Used when something is linked to an unspecified time in the past:
I have given your report to the MD
I have sent them the emails they wanted
H5 PRESENT PERFECT / PAST SIMPLE
Ever and never
The present perfect is often used with the words ever and never to talk about general
life experience/to ask questions about experiences in someone’s life. Don’t use ever
in the answer. Only use it in questions:
Have you ever worked abroad?
Use the present perfect and never to talk about things you have not done at any time
in your life:
I have never been to South Africa.
Samantha has never been surfing.
They’ve never told a lie.
Already and yet
The present perfect is often used with already and yet. Already is used in positive
sentences. It often indicates that something has taken place slightly earlier than
expected:
They have already modernized the warehouse.
She has already shown me the figures.
Yet is used in questions and negatives. It shows that we expect that an action will
take place if it has not happened up to now:
Have you talked to Peter yet?
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