This summary provides you with the information you need to pass the subject of infectious diseases and oncology. I wrote this summary down during the lectures. Because this summary helped me to pass this subject, I shared it with you in return of a nominal amount of money.
SUMMARY OF MEDICINE
GROUPS: INFECTIOUS DISEASES
AND ONCOLOGY
, .
The student has knowlegde of and insight in:
Pathogenesis of bacterial, viral and fungal infections
Mechanism of action, the chemical structure, the important clinical applications, side-
effects and farmacokinetic aspects of classes of antibiotics
The pathogenesis of tumours; the chemical structure, the important clinicalapplications,
side-effects and farmacokinetic aspects of anti-tumour compounds
The coherence between above mentioned aspects of the different therapeutics
Resistance problem surrounding anti-infectious agents and the policy that ispursued within
hospitals and pharmacies; the resistance problems surroundingcytostatics.Origin of
resistance and consequences for treatment
Factors that determine the choice of a particular antibiotic or oncolytic
,Lecture 1: Introduction
Prof. Quax
Introduction
Oncology: branch of science that deals with tumors and cancers
What is the relationship between infection and oncology?
Some bacteria that might induce cancer
How does medicines targets infections or infectious or cancer cells?
Medicines focus on targets that are unique to infectious or cancer cells.
So if you want to treat an infectious particle or a cancer cell you should have a drug
that will target that particle and that will not affect healthy human cells.
COVID-19
What is the mechanism by which Covid-19 lead to proliferation of itself in the cell?
the virus binds to the ACE2
receptor that will internalise the
virus via endocytosis. Then the
RNA is released and translated in
the ribosome resulting in
polymerase production that will
replicate the RNA resulting in
mRNA. These mRNA are encoding
the spike protein and several other
proteins. They are then assembled
on the ER and then viral particles
are reassembled and excreted
resulting in replication of the virus.
How to inhibit this?
During endocytosis, the virus has to fuse with the membrane which could be
inhibited.
How is inhibitor of fusion interrupted?
By using vaccine that interferes with the mRNA molecule of the spike protein
, Cohabitation and presence of
bacteria in the human body
Anatomic Barriers
What is the function of anatomic barriers?
to keep out infections
What are those barriers?
Skin:
dry and full of proteins that are not nice for infectious particles to grow on
There is quite some variation from person to person in the microbiome of
the skin flora
it can be so unique that it can be traced back to one individual.
Why are bacteria on mouth and skin important?
Important to protect against invasivores
Saliva
Full of enzymes e.g. lysozymes, peroxidase, etc. can kill bacteria
Eyes
Contain lysozymes
What are the lysozymes?
Lysozymes are enzymes that will cut the sugars of the cell wall of
bacteria resulting in collapsing
Lungs
IG
Stomach
acidic so infectious particles will not survive.
Gut
commensals (bacteria living in our gut) will protect and keep out
pathogenic organisms.
production of IgA that kill other bacteria
The majority of the infections are
already stopped at the level of the
microflora
The lower the pH the lower the number of
cell that the intestine build of
Low pH of the somach
Most bacteria cannot escape of the low pH of the stomach
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