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Enlightenment Questions and Answers Already Graded A Enlightenment A movement in the 18th century that advocated the use of reason in the reappraisal of accepted ideas and social institutions., "natural laws". celebrate the power of human reason, argued that rational thought could create progress a...

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Enlightenment Questions and Answers
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Enlightenment ✔✔A movement in the 18th century that advocated the use of reason in the

reappraisal of accepted ideas and social institutions., "natural laws". celebrate the power of

human reason, argued that rational thought could create progress and knowledge. Control over

own life and society., 18th century movement which emphasized modern practical achievements

of knowledge, religious toleration and liberty., 18th and 19th century. Also age of reason.

Characterised by faith in the ability of humans reason to solve society's problems




Deism ✔✔A popular Enlightenment era belief that there is a God, but that God isn't involved in

people's lives or in revealing truths to prophets.




Two treatises of Civil Government by John Locke ✔✔the idea that a goverment is based on an

agreement between the people and the ruler., writings of John Locke; says that all men posses

certain natural rights, derived from the fact that they reasonable creatures., (1690) - Written by

Locke, Government created to protect life, liberty, and property., Book by John Locke s that

refutes the divine rights of kings and the absolutist theory of government




Essay Concerning Human Understanding ✔✔Locke, 1690, human mind has no innate ideas,

what people know is not the world but the result of the interactions of the mind with the world.,

,An essay by John Locke. Asserted that humans are born with a "tabula rasa" or a blank slate.

Everything humans know comes from experience, not initial nature., This was Locke's deepest

philosophical work. Published in 1690, it faced the great problem of the day - i.e. what is the

source of knowledge? Locke said that it derived from experience (echoing Bacon). He denied

Descartes notion of innate ideas. Said that the mind at birth was like a TABULA RASA or blank

slate. One's experiences formed one's knowledge bank and molded reactions to the environment.

Locke's environmentalist philosophy would be fundamental to liberal and reforming thought in

later years. CONSIDER THE IMPLICATIONS OF THIS!




Tabula Rasa ✔✔Blank Slate




Philosophes ✔✔Thinkers of the Enlightenment; Wanted to educate the socially elite, but not the

masses; were not allowed to openly criticize church or state, so used satire and double-meaning

in their writings to avoid being banned; Salons held by wealthy women also kept philosophes

safe; They considered themselves part of an intellectual community, and wrote back and forth to

each other to share ideas., A group of French "radicals" who focused on human reason and

making critical changes in society




Voltaire ✔✔(1694-1778) French philosopher. He believed that freedom of speech was the best

weapon against bad government. He also spoke out against the corruption of the French

government, and the intolerance of the Catholic Church., "Father of the Enlightenment", (1694-

, 1778) An upper middle class Frenchman who was inspired by Bayle. He wrote Letters

concerning the English Nation which attacked Catholic bigotry in France by highlighting the

advantages of England. He gained extreme fame by popularizing Newton's scientific discoveries

in his book "Elements of the Philosophy of Newton.", (1694-1778) French, perhaps greatest

Enlightenment thinker. Deist. Mixed glorification and reason with an appeal for better

individuals and institutions. Wrote Candide. Believed enlightened despot best form of

government.




Ecracsez l'infame ✔✔Crush the infamous thing. This is a saying by Voltaire, saying that we

should act against organized religion.




Spirit of Laws by Baron de Montesquieu ✔✔Written by Montesique talking about the seperation

of powers and how government should be divided up into separate branches of goverment.,

called for separation of powers in government into three branches Goal: prevent tyranny and

promote liberty. Principle of checks and balances would ensure that no single branch of gov't

became too powerful as the other two branches couldn't.




Checks and Balances ✔✔A system that allows each branch of government to limit the powers of

the other branches in order to prevent abuse of power.

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