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ANTH 1120 C Final Exam Preparation Latest updated,100% CORRECT

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ANTH 1120 C Final Exam Preparation Latest updated

aesthetic value: Value of a property based on its appearance and the emotional
reponses it evokes., for example, polished and cut sapphires may receive higher
aesthetic value as they look much better.
Anthropocene: This defines the birth of a new geological era marked by the
predominant influence of human on the process and relationships that make up
Earth System. The Anthropocene is very similar with global changes, with the
metamorphoses that are affecting our planet, from market globalization to the
erosion of biodiversity, from climate changes to habitat transformations. The
Anthropocene is also characterized by the gradual, irreversible crossing of
planetary boundaries.
Anthropogenic: Resulting from the influence of human beings on nature
authenticity: socially and culturally constructed quality of being authentic and
genuine. This quality is often considered authentic or genuine by someone else and
this considering is different across contexts.
bazaar economy: a bazaar economy is an economic system that involves
participants not just in the buying selling and trading that one would expect to
find in any market, but also a perpetual ‘search for information’ that will help
them get ahead... Ankarana’s sapphire trade is a context in which good
information ... is ‘intensely valued’ but hard to find, and as in any bazaar
economy, this makes those who are less informed especially vulnerable in
dealings with those who know more.
colonialism: is the establishment, exploitation, maintenance, acquisition, and
expansion of colonies in one territory by people from another territory. It is a set
of unequal relationships between the colonial power and the colony and often
between the colonists and the indigenous population. Colonialism is a process
whereby sovereignty over the colony is claimed by the metro pole and the social
structure, government, and economics of the colony are changed by colonists -
people from the metro pole.
Culture： The system of meanings about the nature experience that are shared by
a people and passed on from one generation to another, including the meanings
that people give to things, events, activities, nad people.
cultural
(re)production
cultural
homogenization: The erasing of differences. When this term is applied to people, it
often refer to the erasing of cultural differences so that peoples become more and
more similar.
economic systems: The rules, mechanism, institutions and systems of relations

,through which goods and services are distributed and people get what they want
ecotourism: Ecotourism is about uniting conservation, communities, and
sustainable travel. This means that those who implement and participate in
ecotourism activities should minimize impact while travelling, build environmental
and cultural awareness and respect, provide positive experiences for both visitors
and hosts, provide financial benefits for both the conservation and local people
and empower these people.
ecological value: is it valued for the role it participates in ecological processes?)
ethnographic method: The immersion of researchers in the lives and cultures of
the people they are trying to understand in order to comprehend the meanings
these people ascribe to their existence

, exchange value: rather than use-value, exchange value refers to the quantified
worth of one good or service expressed in terms of the worth of another or the
price someone is willing to pay for it. It is how much of other commodities or
products that an item is worth if it is traded. Opposed to the usage value or utility
value derived from consuming or using the good itself
gifting: It is a give-receive reciprocate, unlike the movement of the market it is a
never ending rhythm of friendship and reciprocity. It is an act of a sort that
Malagasy people living in any community ought to do for one another and for the
betterment of all and thus could not be answered with payments of money ex.
Giving other miners access to your mine, allowing them to sleep on your floor,
giving women mined dirt. This gifting was motivated by confidence that that the
recipients were operating the same mind set of hospitality and support and
would return the favour if and when called upon to do so.
global bazaar: a bazaar economy is an economic system that involves participants
not just in the buying selling and trading that one would expect to find in any
market, but also a perpetual ‘search for information’ that will help them get
ahead... Ankarana’s sapphire trade is a context in which good information ... is
‘intensely valued’ but hard to find, and as in any bazaar economy, this makes
those who are less informed especially vulnerable in dealings with those who
know more.”
globalization: Defined by Anthony Giddens as the intensification of worldwide
social relations that link distant localities in such a way that local happenings
are shaped by events occurring many miles away, and vice versa (pg200) (258 in
gloss)
grifting: manipulation of others in order to get others to give you what you want.
Unlike thieves, grifters do not take what they want from others, but, rather,
convince them to give to them what they want by preying on their confidence,
often lulling them into what seem to be mutually beneficial, reciprocal
relationships based on familiar patterns of exchange. When grifting works...it
takes victims by surprise taking advantage of the reciprocity of gifting
- Madame Ferdenand.
hybridization: The combining of elements of two or more different things to
create something new, and often occurs in globalized world.
factory system: The factory system is a method of manufacturing using
machinery and division of labor. Because of the high capital cost of machinery
and factory buildings, factories are typically owned by capitalists who employ the
operative labor. Use of machinery with the division of labor reduced the required
skill level of workers and also increased the output per worker. act of running
society in order to act as labour, having kids so they can work as labour fetishism:
putting a price on something turning it into a commodity and adding more value

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