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ANTH 1120 Midterm Review Questions and Answers,100% CORRECT

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ANTH 1120

ANTH 1120 Midterm Review Questions and Answers Terms: Nature: Inspired by Charles Darwin (theory of evolution): – the belief that behaviors including intelligence are biologically based. Nurture: • Margaret Mead’s research debunked that theory. • Identities are NOT biologically bas...

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ANTH 1120 Midterm Review

ANTH 1120 Midterm Review Questions and Answers

Terms:
Nature: Inspired by Charles Darwin (theory of evolution): – the belief that
behaviors including intelligence are biologically based.

Nurture:
• Margaret Mead’s research debunked that theory.
• Identities are NOT biologically based but are learned and cultivated through
socialization
• Identity is always produced in the course of social interaction

Anthropological Skills (toolkit) ; Our ability to conduct qualitative research --
including interviewing -- is an important part of the anthropologist's toolkit. So, it
only makes sense that students use these skills in gathering information about
potential future pursuits/careers.

Culture; the system of meanings about the nature of experience that are shared
by a people and passed on from one generation to another, including the
meanings that people give to things, events, activities, and people.

Ethnocentrism; the tendency to judge the beliefs and behaviours of other
cultures from the perspective of one’s own culture.

ethnocentric fallacy; the mistaken notion that the beliefs and behaviours of
other cultures can be judged from the perspective of one’s own culture.

cultural relativism; the effort to understand the beliefs and behaviours of other
cultures in terms of the culture in which they are found

relativistic fallacy; the idea that is impossible to make moral judgements about
the beliefs and behaviours of members of other cultures

armchair anthropology; refers to an approach to the study of various societies
that dominated anthropology in the late 1800s. It involved the collection, study,
and analysis of the writings of missionaries, explorers, and colonists who had
sustained contact with non-Western peoples, comparisons, and generalizations
about the ways of life of various groups

participant observation; an element of fieldwork that can involve participating
in daily tasks, and observing daily interactions among a particular group.

,ANTH 1120 Midterm Review

ethnographic fieldwork; A research method in which sociocultural
anthropologists have intensive, long-term engagements with a group of people. It
may involve the use of both qualitative and quantitative methods, including
interviews, participant observation, and survey- based research

ethnography; a written description and analysis of a particular group of people,
usually based upon anthropological fieldwork

,ANTH 1120 Midterm Review

socio-cultural anthropology; a comparative approach to the study of societies
and cultures that focuses on differences and similarities in the ways that societies
are structured and cultural meanings are created

applied anthropology; anthropology refers to the application of the method
and theory of anthropology to the analysis and solution of practical
problems.
◆ Applied Anthropology refers to the application of anthropological data,
perspectives, theory, and methods to identify, assess, and solve social
problems.
◆ Applied anthropologists work for groups that promote, manage, and
assess programs aimed at influencing human social conditions.

social identity; the view that people have of their own and others’ positions in
society. These learned personal and social affiliations may include gender, race,
sexuality, nationalism, class, and ethnicity. Individuals seek confirmation from
others that they occupy the positions on the social landscape that they claim to
occupy.

enculturation; the process through which individuals learn an identity. It can
encompass parental socialization, the influence of peers, the mass media,
government, and other forces.

The process by which human beings living with one another learn to come to
terms with the ways of thinking and feeing that are considered appropriate in
their respective cultural contexts

egocentric society

egocentric; a view of the self that defines each person as a replica of all
humanity, as the location of motivations and drives, and as capable of acting
independently from others. Each person is seen to be a separate entity with
characteristics that originate in the individual

“Be true to yourself”, self reliance

, ANTH 1120 Midterm Review

sociocentric society;

sociocentric; a context-dependent view of self. The self exists as an entity only
within the concrete situations or roles occupied by the person.

identity is relational and depends on who one is with; This assumes that people
are not autonomous but are part of a social context;

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