NURS 340 Exam 2 - Week 2 Study Guide Latest 2022/2023
Chapter 21 Vulnerability and Vulnerable Populations: An Overview
Introduction
• People have different genetic compositions, social and environmental resources, skills, support systems, and access to health services
• People with lowe...
Chapter 21 Vulnerability and Vulnerable Populations: An Overview
Introduction
• People have different genetic compositions, social and
environmental resources, skills, support systems, and access to
health services
• People with lower incomes and less education @ higher risk for health
problems
• A goal in the US is to eliminate health disparities by expanding
access to health care for vulnerable or at-risk populations
• Usually have 1 or more physical or mental health disparity
Vulnerability: Definition, Risk Factors, and Health Disparities
• Vulnerable populations are at a greater risk for poor health
status and health care access
o Groups and communities at a higher risk of health as a result
of barriers they experience of social, economic, political,
environmental resources and a physical disability
o They don’t know how to access the resources they need
o Different models to study external and internal factors:
▪ Natural history of disease model: certain aspects of
physiology and environment including personal habits,
social environment, physical environment make it more
likely for a person to develop a health issue
▪ Web of causation model: interaction of multiple
variables that creates the powerful combination of
factors that predispose a person to illness
• “The domino effect”
• Individual may be exposed to one risk factor, but
that now puts individual at risk for multiple other
risk factors
▪ Vulnerable population group
▪ Multiple cumulative risks
• Looking at the entire individual holistically –
what made them vulnerable
▪ Resilience
• People who don’t have a victim mindset - break
the cycle
• Look at all the factors that help them be
successful to try and replicate it for others
• Vulnerability: Susceptibility to actual or potential stressors that
may lead to a adverse effect
, o Results from the interaction of internal and external factors
that cause a person to be susceptible to poor health
• Vulnerable populations: those groups with increased risk for
adverse health outcomes
, o More likely than the general population to suffer from health
disparities
• Health disparities: the wide variations in health services and health
status among certain population groups
o Health People 202: particular type of health difference
that is closely linked to social economic and or
environmental damage
o Difference between one group from another – a disadvantage
o Affects groups fo people who have systematically experienced
health obstacles to their health based on race, ethnicity,
religion, ethnic, gender, age, mental health, physical disability,
gender identity, sexual orientation, geographic (where they
live)
o Characteristics that historically linked an individual to
discrimination or seclusion
Examples of Vulnerable Groups
• Poor and homeless
• Pregnant teens
• Migrant workers and immigrants
• People with mental health problems
• People who abuse substances
• People with communicable disease
• People who are HIV +, or have STDs
• People who have Hep B
• Incarcerated
Factors Contributing to Vulnerability
• Combined effects of limited resources
o Physical
▪ Physical evidence of limited social support
o Environmental
▪ Working in a hazardous environment
o Personal (human capital)
▪ People with preexisting illnesses that are not
eligible for additional health care
o Biopsychosocial
▪ Genetic predisopositions – look at genetic history of
illnesses - specifically mental health
• Disenfranchisement
o Feeling of separate form mainstream society
▪ People no longer have an emotional connection to
anyone else
▪ Lost all hope and given up because they feel society
has given up on them
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