Samenvatting
Summary Good Governance Articles
- Vak
- Good Governance
- Instelling
- Tilburg University (UVT)
A summary of the articles that are discussed in class + Possible exam questions
[Meer zien]Voorbeeld 3 van de 22 pagina's
Voorbeeld 3 van de 22 pagina's
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Voorbeeld van de inhoud
Week 1Article 1: What is good governance?
- Simply put "governance" means: the process of decision-making and the process by
which decisions are implemented (or not implemented)
- 8 characteristics of good governance:
- Participation
- Rule of Law
- Transparency
- Responsiveness
- Consensus oriented
- Equity and inclusiveness
- Effectiveness and efficiency
- Accountability
Article 2: Good Governance, R.I.P.: A Critique and an Alternative’
- Good governance generated an impossibly inflated idea of what public sectors
needed to be able to demonstrate in order to be part of the good governance club,
and such a large catalogue of virtuous characteristics that its identity apart from the
idea of development itself became uncertain.
- Governance encompasses notions of how political and administrative decisions get
made, how governmental systems work, and why both formal and informal
institutions matter in how things get done and how states relate to societies. -> over
the past 20 years this idea has been overtaken by the normative good governance.
-> this resulted in the concept being progressively inflated
- Why is concept inflation problematic? In part, the popularity of the concept
encourages additive rather than analytic thinking. Thus, the line between good
governance and development became increasingly indistinct as qualities associated
with development were steadily appropriated by advocates of good governance.
Article 3: Institutional Dualism and International Development: A Revisionist Interpretation
of Good Governance
- Governance can be defined as the processes through which individuals and state
officials interact to express their interests, exercise their rights and obligations, work
out their differences, and cooperate to produce public goods and services.
- A high degree of official consensus appears to exist about what constitutes good
governance: Lawmakers should be answerable for their actions and responsive to
the citizens whom they represent; those citizens should have opportunities to
express their views to lawmakers. The resulting laws and regulations should be
applied consistently to calm investors and help business better understand its
environment. There should be full disclosure of procedures and policies so the
affected people can plan and act accordingly.
- good governance ensures that political, social and economic priorities are based on
broad consensus in society and that the voices of the poorest and the most
, vulnerable are heard in decision making over the allocation of development
resources.
- Good governance is not a luxury. . . . Our new approach will cover a number of
strands—democratic accountability, fundamental freedoms, corruption, service
delivery for all, due process rights and security.
- Good governance is epitomized by predictable, open and enlightened policy-making,
a bureaucracy imbued with professional ethos acting in furtherance of the public
good, the rule of law, transparent processes, and a strong civil society participating in
public affairs. Poor governance is characterized by arbitrary policy-making,
unaccountable bureaucracies, unenforced or unjust legal systems, the abuse of
executive power, a civil society unengaged in public life, and widespread corruption.
- The tension between intended new performance enhancing institutions and
unwanted old practices the problem of institutional dualism in international
development.
- The slow and incomplete retreat of institutional dualism in the United States also
casts doubt on the claim that good governance reform necessarily precedes broader
development, as opposed to accompanying or following it.
article 4: Good Governance Means Performance and Results
- Fukuyama himself prefers to define governance as a government’s ability “to make
and enforce rules, and to deliver services,” whether within a democratic framework or
not. For him, “governance is... execution.” How a regime administers itself is critical.
- Indicators of governance “really reflect a nation’s level of development,” and not its
governance -> implication of so-called indicators might be seen from multiple
perspectives.
- The core theoretical understanding of “governance” should be “the exercise of
authority by governments on behalf of citizens.” Governance indicators, he writes,
should therefore focus (as the Index of African Governance does) on “specific fields
of engagement” in which governments perform on behalf of citizens. “Indicators
should emphasize outcomes . . . the true indicators of governance”.
- Bratton, another recent commentator, suggests that “governance is the act or
process of imparting direction and coordination to governmental organizations in an
environment.” He is close to Fukuyama since his version of “governance” is
“administrative and economic” as well as political.
- Precise measurements of governance as a whole and of governance separated into
its component parts permit researchers and policymakers to separate good
performers from bad performers. Measuring governance by the outcome method
painstakingly shows whether regimes are delivering necessary and desirable
governmentally provided performance results to their citizens. This concept of
governance diagnostically also enables an existing government, a civil society, or
donors to appreciate which parts of an overall system are working well and which
poorly. Critical decisions may thus be made that, in the best of circumstances, can
improve good governance and therefore the living conditions of those who reside in
the developing world
, Week 2
article 1: Deep Democracy: Urban Governmentality and the Horizon of Politics
- example India
- Don’t really know what to add to this…
article 2: The Paradox of Community Power: Cultural Processes and Elite Authority in
Participatory Governance
- Increased participation does not necessarily result in more influence
- “When resident participation conflicts with government officials' predetermined plans,
officials can disempower residents through empty deference to "the community." By
going through the motions of a "community engagement process" or publicly praising
"the community" in the abstract, officials reduce "the community" to a bureaucratic
procedure. In these instances, residents appear empowered as members of "the
community," but in effect have little influence.”
- Different definitions of what constitutes the “community” by both citizens and the
government. -> used to speak for a certain group.
- "participation is now deployed as a tool of that authority”
- “The concept of Community is powerful in politics because membership in "the
community" confers value and status. As such, we can think of "the community" as a
symbolic boundary, a cultural process of categorization that reinforces the unequal
distribution of resource”
- ““Community" can signify feelings of solidarity and cohesion (e.g., "sense of
community"), a racial group (e.g., "the black community"), a specific group of people
(e.g., people attending a meeting), a spatial territory (e.g., a neighborhood), or a
particular people in a particular place (e.g., residents of disadvantaged
neighborhoods)”
article 3: Cooption and non-cooptation: elite strategies in response to social protest
- “Cooptation is the elite strategy of using apparently cooperative practices to absorb
those who seek change – to make them work with elites without giving them any new
advantages”.
- “When cooptation is successful, those who seek change alter their positions when
working with elites, hoping to gain new strategic advantages through compromising,
but those advantages do not come and instead the elites’ position prevails. In
contrast to violent suppression, cooptation may accomplish the goals of the elites
without significant political or financial cost. The ultimate consequence is that the
challengers become politically irrelevant.”
- Cooptation does not occur that much, but conflictual cooperation is seen much more.
In this case conflictual cooperation means for both sides, transferring knowledge,
competencies, and resources, working toward a shared goal and direct negotiations.
- “cooptation should, from the rational choice perspective, arise as a possibility, in
order to show how the logic of cooptation, and cooperation, is contingent upon the
actors’ interpretation of their situation. The logic of cooptation, I argue, sets in only
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