hese notes are comprehensive and cover all the topics discussed in the lectures. They are colour-coded to make it easier for the reader to navigate through the material and understand the relationships between the different concepts.
In addition to the lecture content, I have also incorporated m...
CRIMINOLOGY:SECTION B
Theme 3: Economically Motivated Crimes
Economically Motivated Crimes
- Global phenomenon
- Become more organised
Key
Legislation
Case Law
Articles
Important
Definitions
Terms
Learning outcomes
- Property crimes
o Copper cable and aluminium theft
- Commercial crimes
o Ponzi schemes
o Fraud
o Misappropriation of funds
- Organised crimes and organised criminal groups
o National and transnational groups
- Organised crimes and organised criminal groups
o Cape Flats gangs
- Then Transnational and international groups
o Nigerian criminal networks
o Pakistani mafia
o Chinese triads
- Organised criminal activities
o Money laundering
- Trafficking of human organs and body parts
Glossary
Bucket shop
- An unregistered scrap dealer who trades in stolen metal
Cybercrime
- The use of computers or computer networks to commit an offence
Fraudulent investment scheme
- A scam where investors are promised that they will receive a higher return on their investments in order to
get people to hand over their money to the criminal
Money laundering
- The process of disguising or concealing the illegal origins of money or property derived from criminal activities
1
,Amy McLean-Banks
LLB First Year
2020
National organised criminal group
- Nationals from a specific country who commit crime within the borders of that specific country
Transnational organised criminal group
- Foreign nationals from a specific country of origin who commit cross-border crimes
2
, Amy McLean-Banks
LLB First Year
2020
Property crimes
- Costs the South African economy between R5 billion and R7 billion
- Consequences
o Loss of income
o Disruption of services
o Labour costs to repair affected network
o Implementation of security measures
- Sources for stealing cable and aluminium:
o Overhead power lines
o Underground power
o Communication cables
o Copper earth cables
o Power substations
o Signal cables
o Non-ferrous metal in railway carriages from doors, basins and window frames
Copper
- One of the first metals ever extracted and used by humans
- Has made vital contributions to sustaining and improving society
Copper cable and- aluminium
Ranked as 3rd most consumed industrial metal in the world
theft
- Used in building construction, power generation and transmission, electronic
Opportunistic thievesproduct
: manufacturing, production of industrial machinery and transportation
vehicles
- Steal small pieces of cable
- Addicted- to drugs
Wiringand
andsteals
plumbing are integral
to support to the appliances, heating and cooling systems –
the habit
- Syndicates oftentelecommunications
use drug dealersused every day in home and business
– Kamikazes
- Important component in card
o After they use tik (South African crystal methamphetamine) they are on a high
- ▪Used in medicines
Usually lose their regard for life
o Chest
▪ Willing wounds
to cut electric cables without concern about being electrocuted
- They lose regard for their own livesinflammation
o Helps prevent and are willinginto
arthritis
cut electric cables without any concern about being
-
electrocuted Sold for R65 – R7- per kilogram
- Unemployment
o Support families or themselves
- Repeat offenders
- Likely to be illegal immigrants, who after being caught, are deported to their countries of origin
- Underprivileged thieves
o Involved in collecting scrap metal for subsistence purposes
o Tend to steal any metal they can get
▪ Steel manhole covers
▪ Steel valve covers
▪ Steel light pole covers
▪ Steel poles in fenced off areas
o Repeat offenders
Organised criminal group
- Well-equipped with industrial cutting tools, trucks, pulleys
- Organise themselves as either metal spotters, cutters or transporters
- Informal training centre – suggested (near Johannesburg)
- Steal long sections of cable
o First cut off the electricity or set fire to portion of case
▪ This triggers a short circuit that trips the power at the sub station
• Steal cable without being electrocuted
- Experience
3
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