College aantekeningen

KRM Violent Crimes

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Vak
Krm 110

Instelling
University Of Pretoria (UP)

hese notes are comprehensive and cover all the topics discussed in the lectures. They are colour-coded to make it easier for the reader to navigate through the material and understand the relationships between the different concepts. In addition to the lecture content, I have also incorporated m...

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Geupload op 22 maart 2023
Aantal pagina's 29
Geschreven in 2019/2020
Type College aantekeningen
Docent(en) K booyens and l sadiki
Bevat Alle colleges

criminology
krm
krm 110
law
llb
llb first year

Instelling
University of Pretoria (UP)
Vak
Krm 110

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Amy McLean-Banks
LLB First Year
2020
CRIMINOLOGY
Chapters 15 & 16

Key
Legislation
Case Law
Articles
Important
Definitions
Terms

CHAPTER 15
Introduction
- Van der Hoven stated that forensic criminology allows the criminologist to provide information to the courts
o Motives
o Cause
o Possible future prevention of criminal behaviour
- Forensic criminology = criminologist being an expert in the court
- However, the significance of the forensic criminologist in the criminal justice system has not been explored
o Reason
▪ Courts are unfamiliar with criminology as a science
o However
▪ Services of criminologist as expert witnesses in serious cases such as crimes of violence
should be used by the judicial system
o Criminologists still do not feature

Definitions
Criminology
- Studies
o Crime
o Criminals
o Victims
o Punishment
o Prevention and control of crime
- Role of criminologist
o Study crime
o To interpret and explain crime

Applied criminology
- When theory is put into action

Forensic criminology
- Type of applied criminology involving the scientific study of crime and criminals for the purpose of addressing
investigative and legal questions
- Thus when applied criminology is put to use in our criminal justice system can be defined as forensic
criminology

Correctional assessment phase
- Stage where criminologists presents similar aspects to those in the pre-sentence report including any relevant
aspects (personal, family and social background) associated with the offender’s behaviour pecurosrs, triggers,
causes and motives of crimes, offender characteristics and influences) that may determine the offender’s
personal needs, risks and responsiveness
1

,Amy McLean-Banks
LLB First Year
2020

Corrections phase
- Stage where the criminologist is effectively used in a multi-disciplinary team within the correctional
environment
- A multi-disciplinary team (criminologists and other experts) should always be sensitive and characteristics in
offenders such as must be taken in account
o Ethnic differences
o Religious denomination
o Political stance

Expert witness
- Witness who gives evidence designed to assist the court based on witness’s specialised training, study or
experience

Victim impact statement
- Report prepared by a criminologist to present an individualised, objective view of the victim to the court with
regard to the impact of the crime

Origin of Criminology
Bartol & Bartol
- Multi-disciplinary origin within sciences of
o Medicine
o Psychiatry
o Criminal anthropology
- Many disciplines are involved in the collection of knowledge about criminal action including
o Psychology
o Sociology
o Psychiatry
o Anthropology Physiognomy
o Criminal anthropology - Physical
o Biology appearance
o Neurology
o Political science Phrenology
o Economics - Study of shape and
size of cranium

Wolfgang
- Identifies the origin from
o the early work of Della Porta and Lavater regarding physiognomy
o Gall and Spurzheim
o Others in field of phrenology
- While studies did not focus directly on criminal behaviour
o Did occasionally make reference to the criminal
Focus all formed the early development of criminology
- The research of Pinel, Esquirol, Rush, Prichard, Ray and Maudsley
o On moral insanity
- The research of Despine and Morel
o On morel degeneracy
- The research as to Lombroso’s contribution on the born criminal and criminal types

2

, Amy McLean-Banks
LLB First Year
2020

Contemporary American criminology originates from work of
- Guerry
- Quetelet
- De Champneuf
o Of the cartographic school of the 19th century
- Tarde’s law of imitation
- Durkheim’s sociological determinism
- Environmental approaches of
o Ferri
o Garofalo
o Colajanni

“from medicine, clinical psychiatry and anthropology, as well as from ‘political arithmetic’ and positivistic attempts at
societal reconstruction developed the sympodial branches of criminology that today appear to be emerging as an
independent discipline”

3

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