In deze samenvatting zijn alle hoorcolleges van het vak Social Networks verwerkt. De samenvatting is ingedeeld per onderwerp en dus niet op chronologische volgorde. Verder is bijgevoegd hoe je threats en offers moet berekenen in de 3/4/5-line van exchange networks en hoe je padlengte en clustering ...
SOCIAL NETWORKS
SAMENVATTING
by: Lisa van Amersfoort
2023.04
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, Lisa van Amersfoort
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Context................................................................................................................................................4
1.1. Focus theory..................................................................................................................................... 4
1.1.1. What is a focus?............................................................................................................................................................. 4
1.1.2. Characteristics of foci:................................................................................................................................................ 4
1.2. Social capital..................................................................................................................................... 4
1.2.1. Characteristics of social capital............................................................................................................................... 5
1.4. Spurious effect................................................................................................................................. 7
1.5. Social influence................................................................................................................................ 8
1.5.1. How much do online social networks impact our lives?...............................................................................8
1.5.2. Revolution in sociological data:.............................................................................................................................. 8
2.2. Characteristics of networks....................................................................................................... 15
2.2.1. Complete vs. Ego network...................................................................................................................................... 15
2.2.2. Bridges in networks.................................................................................................................................................. 16
2.2.3. Strength of ties in a network................................................................................................................................. 17
2.3. Centrality in networks................................................................................................................ 18
2.3.1. Centrality in interlocking networks................................................................................................................... 19
2.3.2. Centrality in brokerage/ exchange networks................................................................................................. 19
2.4. Triads............................................................................................................................................... 23
2.4.1. Balance theory............................................................................................................................................................ 23
2.4.2. Open triads and closed triads............................................................................................................................... 25
2.7. Social hierarchies......................................................................................................................... 28
2.7.1. Chase et al: Linear hierarchies.............................................................................................................................. 29
2.7.2. Savin-Williams: Personal characteristics on hierarchies...........................................................................29
2.7.3. Conclusion social hierarchies................................................................................................................................ 30
2.8. Negative networks........................................................................................................................ 30
2.8.1. Foes at work................................................................................................................................................................. 31
2.8.2. Properties of positive and negative networks................................................................................................ 31
2.8.3. Status struggles........................................................................................................................................................... 32
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, Lisa van Amersfoort
2.9. Criminal networks........................................................................................................................ 33
2.9.1. Key player problem................................................................................................................................................... 33
2.9.2. Content in criminal network................................................................................................................................. 35
2.9.3. Skills in the criminal network: combining structure and content..........................................................36
Appendix..............................................................................................................................................38
How to calculate threats and offers exchange network............................................................38
How to calculate pathlength and clustering................................................................................. 39
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, Lisa van Amersfoort
1. Context
How do ties emerge?
The context in which interactions take place
I.e.: Between two countries, organizations, apartments
(any kind of relationship (positive/negative/advice/friendship/friends/gossip/avoidance))
1.1. Focus theory
1.1.1. What is a focus?
A focus is defined as a social, psychological, legal, or physical entity around which joint
activities are organized (those around the same foci will tend to become interpersonally tied
and form a cluster)
I.e.: neighborhood, sports club, student housing, old school
If you share the same focus, they tend to become related to one another
If you have a tie with someone you tend to organize activities thus creating a
focus (birthday)
Thus: networks emerge within foci and across foci that are shared by individuals.
Based on controlled interaction (focus) certain attributes may lead to selective
development of ties (preferences)
I.e.: you have to be in the same class (focus) but friends within that class (preferences)
➢ Focus theory (theory of the emergence)
It’s not about whom you interact with its about who you have the chance to
interact with.
1.1.2. Characteristics of foci:
Restrictions: degree of forced interaction; time spent; compatibility with other foci
Size:
Degree of local boundedness: (bepaalde wijk —> bepaalde basisschool vs.
Universiteit)
Degree to which boundaries exist: (exam —> entrance university/course)
Foci can overlap: if people work in their neighborhood
1.2. Social capital
Why do we engage in the relationships in the first place?
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