Samenvatting Psychological and Neurobiological Consequences of Child Abuse (6463PS026Y). Dit is een volledige samenvatting van de hoorcolleges, de artikelen, en het bijbehorende boek.
Hoorcolleges:
Hoorcollege 1
Hoorcollege 2: Psychological consequences of childhood abuse and neglect
Hoorcollege 3: Psychological and neurobiological consequences
Hoorcollege 4: Childhood maltreatment, complex trauma, borderline personality disorder
Hoorcollege 5: Resillience versus Vulnerability
Hoorcollege 6: Impact of childhood abuse and neglect on physical health and ageing
Hoorcollege 7: Sexual abuse; consequences for sexual functioning and treatment of sexual dysfunction
Hoorcollege 8: Psychological effects of child abuse: Diagnosis and treatment in adults
Artikelen:
Week 1: Child maltreatment and Risk for Psychopathology in Childhood and Adulthood
Week 1: Paradise Lost: The neurobiological and clinical consequences of child abuse and neglect
Week 1: Maltreatment in childhood substantially increases the risk of adult depression and anxiety in
prospective cohort studies.
Week 2: A tangled start: The link between childhood maltreatment, psychopathology, and
relationships in adulthood
Week 2: Effects of early life stress on cocaine self-administration in post-pubertal male and female
rhesus macaques
Week 2: Parents’ experiences of childhood abuse and neglect are differentially associates with
behavioral and autonomic responses to their offspring
Week 3: Childhood maltreatment, latent vulnerability and the shift to preventative psychiatry
Week 3: Childhood trauma in adult depressive and anxiety disorders: integrated review on
psychological and biological mechanisms
Week 3: Pass it on? The neural responses to rejection in the context of a family study on maltreatment
Week 3: Emotion modulation in PTSD: Clinical and neurobiological evidence for a dissociative
subtype.
Week 4: Self-reported impulsivity in women with borderline personality disorder: The role of
childhood maltreatment severity and emotion regulation difficulties
Week 4: Childhood maltreatment, borderline personality features, and coping as predictors of intimate
partner violence
Week 4: Nonsuicidal Self-injury in Adolescence.
Week 5: Resilience to adult psychopathology following childhood maltreatment.
Week 5: Neurobiological Markers of resilience to depression followein childhood maltreatment
Week 5: Genetic sensitivity to the environment: the case of the serotonin transporter gene
Week 5: Using principles of behavioral epigenetics to advance research on early-life stress.
Week 6: The effect of multiple adverse childhood experiences on health
Week 6: Psychoneuroimmumology of early-life stress: the hidden wounds of childhood trauma
Week 6: The relationship between childhood psychosocial stressor level and telomere length
,Hoorcollege 1
This subject is really important, because of the importance of a safe childhood. This was
already stated by Bowlby in 1951. Childhood abuse and neglect have pervasive consequences
for mental and physical health. Maltreatment is any act of commission or omission by a
parent or other caregiver that results in harm/ potential harm/ threat of harm to a child.
Background (terminology, prevalence)
Commision: actively doing something harmful.
Physical abuse
Emotional abuse
Sexual abuse
Omission: Failing to meet a child’s needs
Physical neglect
Emotional neglect
Denial of access to education.
Selfreport numbers are much higher than professional numbers. Professionals state that 3,5%
of children were maltreated. When asked with self-reports 37% of all children report
maltreatment.
The only disorders needed to be maltreated for is PTSD, only there was trauma mentioned in
order to be diagnosed. However there are a lot more disorders that may onset because of
maltreatment.
- Internalizing vs Externalising disorders
- Personality disorders
- Psychotic symptoms
- Suicide and self-injury.
Childhood abuse and neglect are important transdiagnostic risk factors for development of
psychological problems.
Consequences of emotional abuse and neglect are at least as pervasive as physical or sexual
abuse.
Hameeda lakho
- Writer who experienced maltreatment. Broke all ties with family at age 13.
Documentary:
- A lot of child maltreatment, where kids don’t have any support and have to pee in
bottles and eat rotten food. 3 days and night locked up in a closet. Never, even in
adulthood felt welcome because of abuse.
- Dad told Hameeda that her mother died, eventhough he kidnapped her, while
introducing a new stepmother. She had to eat her puke. Nobody believed her story, so
she thought the whole world was against her.
, Hoorcollege 2 Psychological consequences of childhood abuse and neglect
Increased risk
- Internalizing and externalizing disorders
- Personality disorders (BPD / anti-social
- Psychotic symptoms
- Suicide and self-injury
After experienced abuse, the onset of symptoms have an earlier onset, more severe/chronic.
Symptoms don’t have to be bound to one disorder. Lots of comorbidity
Psycho-social consequences
Interpersonal problems
- After experiencing emotional abuse/neglect the odds of developing depression and
anxiety are 3 times higher
- Attachment at younger and later age
- Epistemic trust
- Social exclusion (more bullying)
Self-image
- Self esteem
Re-victimization
- Lecture 4.
Research methods:
- Self versus informant. Self is always more than informant
- Parent versus child (perpetrator – victim)
- Retrospective versus prospective (looking back – following in heden)
o Retrospective: recall bias, not perfect memory
o Prospective: difficult without intervening, duration, drop-out.
- Subjective report versus observing
o Studying parent-child interaction. Possibly at home but also standardized in a
labsetting. Gives a lot of information about dynamic between parents and child
during a game or assignment.
Task:
- Parent and child had a conversation about stressful situations, while measuring
sympatic nervous system of the parent. When a parent experienced abuse, parents
showed less warmth and more negativity. When parents experienced neglect, they
were more stressed when child told about stressful situations
How to study causal impact
- Possibility of bidirectionality in associations. Underlying confounders are also
possible.
- Sadly we can’t use experimental manipulation to determine the cause.
- We can manipulate and simulate stress studies, to look at how people deal with acute
stress. This stress should cause adaptive behavior. When having a chronic stress,
response can become maladaptive.
- Using translational research by using animals. Stress paradigms. Mostly rats are used,
because they are quite smart. Rats have a natural variation in maternal care, which
means there is a difference to study. We can switch rats and mothers, to look at nature
vs nurture, or separate babyrats and mothers altogether.
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