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APPLIED SCIENCE UNIT 12 PART B (GRADED A DISTINCTION)
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ANAS AL-ALIMIAssignment UNIT 12 B BIOLOGY DISEASES
AND INFECTION
INTRODUCTION
Today we are going to be discussing how transmissions occur and how to avoid catching them. We
will also be demonstrating a named organisation that contributes with the prevention of a specific
infectious disease and discuss the strategies used to control the spread of the disease including the
strengths, weaknesses, advantages, and disadvantages in the methods used.
, ANAS AL-ALIMI
ways in which infectious diseases occur
The ways in which diseases can spread or transmit from a person to another are many and
throughout scientists' discoveries for numerous diseases in history, there has been different
methods in which pathogens can pass on to different people and they are going to be
discussed in this topic. Infectious diseases are very harmful for the population because it
does not only damage one person’s body or kill him, but also it can cause the death of many
people in the same room, and this can happen by direct contact or indirect contact.
DIRECT CONTACT
Most infectious diseases are easily transmitted by coming into touch with an infected person
or animal. Direct contact can transfer infectious diseases such as:
Person to person. Infectious diseases commonly spread through face to face (direct
transfer). Transmission occurs when a person with a spreading disease touches or
exchanges body fluids with another person. This can happen without them being aware of
the illness. For example, in sexual contact, HIV, STDs and gastrointestinal infections can be
passed on this way.
It does not only stop here, but there are also other methods two where diseases can be
transmitted.
Pregnancy
A pregnant women may send infectious diseases to their unborn foetuses. Some STDs,
including gonorrhoea, can be passed from a parent to a baby during childbirth.
Droplet spray
Droplet spray from coughing and sneezing can spread an infectious disease. Droplets
formed while you talk can even infect another individual. Because droplets fall to the ground
within a few feet of each other, this sort of transmission needs proximity.
Indirect contact
infections can also pass-through air and other mechanisms. Indirect contact occurs when
there is no face-to-face contact. Meaning that they occur from contaminated water, surfaces,
or food or even vectors. Indirect can be harmful because they are hard to identify how or
what was the cause of the infection while direct contact can be clearer to find. For example,
if the infections were caused after a sexual contact (direct) then the person would know
where its coming from. However, if an infection was caused through air, the person might
struggle to find the cause as he will be thinking about what he ate today or what he has
touched.
Contaminated objects
there are some bacteria that lives on objects for a period so if a person unknowingly touches
the object, the type of pathogen will stay on the person’s “hands”. You might catch an
infection if you touch your mouth, nose, or eyes before you wash or clean your hands.
Germs can also be passed on through blood products and medical supplies having a
pathogen.
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