Maastricht University – Master Healthcare Policy, Innovation and Management 2016-2017
HPI4002 Innovation and quality management
Summary
Case 1 Challenges in innovation
Innovation and health care innovation
Types of (health care) innovation
Goals and needs for health care innovation
Challenges and obstacles of health care innovation
Social costs
Rules and commandments
Case 2 Managing innovation in health care
Organize for innovation
Improving the innovation organization
Innovation systems
Factors influencing innovation
Innovation management in long-term care
Case 3 Quality management in health care
Quality of care
Dimensions of quality of care
Assessment of quality of care
Quality management
Quality management models
Case 4 What can we learn from incidents?
Patient safety
Managing patient safety
Analysing and measuring patient safety
Reporting patient safety
Improving patient safety
Case 5 The patient as a partner
Personalization (of care)
Shared decision making
Patient involvement in quality improvement
Patient satisfaction
Case 6 Innovations in the care for chronically ill persons
Chronic disease
Care for chronically ill
Chronic care management
High performing chronic care system
, Case 1 Challenges in innovation
Learning goals:
1. What is innovation (in general and from a health care perspective)?
2. What are the types of innovation (in general and from a health care perspective)?
3. What are the goals of innovation?
Innovation and health care innovation
Definition of innovation: the intentional introduction and application within a role, group, or
organization, of ideas, processes, products or procedures, new to the relevant unit of adoption,
designed to significantly benefit the individual, the group, or wider society (West, 1990).
Another definition of innovation: the implementation of a new or significantly improved product
(good or service), or process, a new marketing method, or a new organizational method in business
practices, workplace organization or external relations (UNESCO Institute for Statistics, 2005).
The 1t definition captures the three most important characteristics of innovation (Lansisalmi, 2006):
- novelty (something new);
- an application component;
- an intended benefit (and hopefully better) (een beoogd voordeel).
Definition of health care innovation: the introduction of a new concept, idea, service, process, or
product aimed at improving treatment, diagnosis, education, outreach, prevention and research, and
with the long term goals of improving quality, safety, outcomes, efficiency and costs. It is always
aimed at ‘adding’ something.
The difference between general innovation and health care innovation is that the goal of general
innovation doesn’t have to be improvement. With health care innovations, the goal is always
improvement, where different stakeholders are involved.
Three stages of innovation (Garber): While all stages are important for an innovation, most
innovations in healthcare don’t get to the adoption-stage.
- Invention: the creation or first occurrence of a new medical product or delivery process or
method;
- Commercialization: making products or processes into use by health care providers, payers
or consumers, non-experimental use.
- Adoption: the diffusion or spread of products or processes into use by health care providers,
payers or consumers.
Only 5% of all changes will manage to survive, 70% will fail. Reasons for failing an innovation:
- Running out of energy of the effort, it simply fades away;
- Parts of the change are accomplished, no new supporters are attracted;
- Change reaches a certain level, it is reasonably well established.
, When there is a high productive energy in the organization, this will have a positive effect on the
overall performance, productivity, efficiency, customer satisfaction and customer loyalty. There are
5 energies for change:
- Social: Energy of relationships and connections, feeling of ‘us’ rather than ‘them’;
- Spiritual: Energy of commitment to a common vision for the future;
- Psychological: Energy of courage, resilience and feeling safe to do things differently;
- Physical: Energy of action, getting things done and making progress;
- Intellectual: Energy of analysis, planning and thinking.
Types of (health care) innovation
The different types of innovation in general perspective can be divided in subtypes:
- Product, process, marketing and organizational innovations (UNESCO, 2005 in Omanchonu);
- Incremental, semi-radical and radical innovations (Davila).
Product, process, marketing and organizational innovations:
- Product innovation: introduction of a good or service that is new or significantly improved
with respect to its characteristics or intended uses. This includes significant improvements in
technical specifications, components and materials, incorporated software, user friendliness
or other functional characteristics.
- Process innovation: implementation of a new or significantly improved production or
delivery method. This includes significant changes in techniques, equipment and/or
software. The customer does not usually pay directly for process, but the process is required
to deliver a product or service and to manage the relationship with the various stakeholders.
- Marketing innovation: implementation of a new marketing method involving significant
changes in product design or packaging, product placement, product promotion or pricing.
- Organizational innovation: implementation of a new organizational method in the firm’s
business practices, workplace organization or external relations.
Health care innovations only are related to three out of four types of innovation, namely product,
process or structure innovation in health care.
- Example product innovations: healthcare goods or services, new medications, new surgery
techniques, new therapies.
- Example process innovations: innovations in the production or delivery method, clinical
pathway for stroke patients.
- Example structural innovations: innovations in the internal and external infrastructure,
redesign of a national health insurance system, introduction of modern information and
communication technologies.
To understand the three other of innovation in general perspective, first some explanation about two
different types of changes is needed, namely business model change and technology change. These
two types of changes have three different levers.
- Business model change: how a company creates, sells and delivers value to its customers.
o Value preposition: what is sold and delivered to the market, why is it valuable;
