All tasks with summaries of all literature and answers on all learning goals. Furthermore a list of need-to-know for the exam and a scheme with all the keywords.
Ps. What is health economics and difference between health economics and economics
Brainstorms:
Scarcity
Preferences
Choices
Allocation
Efficiency
Pareto optimality (optimal allocation, how to use the scarce resources)
Competition
Utility
Costs
Benefits
Williams schematic
Government interfere and free market in health economics
Labour economics
Arrow 5 differences with normal economics
Market types
Information asymmetry between patient and providers
Common goods
Transaction costs economics
Institutions matter
Edwards different theories
Health economics or healthcare economics
Research in economics different other disciplines
The health of health economics
Health economics theoretically consists of: finance and insurance, industrial organisation,
labour and public finance and has contributed a lot to mainstream economics and science of
economics. Very successful, where mainstream economics has stopped in its development,
the health economics has been able to find answers for its questions. This could be because of
the research funding available for this relatively new concept. To add to this the: “colonising”
the minds of policy makers, civil servants and health service professionals, through direct
interactions with decision-makers via consultancies and the like, and through engaging in
public debate.
,6. PARADIGMS AND RESEARCH PROGRAMMES: IS IT TIME TO MOVE FROM
HEALTH CARE ECONOMICS TO HEALTH ECONOMICS? RHIANNON TUDOR
EDWARDS
Fundamental questions of economics: (1) what to produce; (2) how to produce what is to be
produced; and (3) how to distribute what is to be produced between individual citizens. The
two concepts underpinning such an introduction to economics are, therefore, scarcity and
opportunity cost.
Kuhn divided ‘normal science’ into three activities: (1) establishing facts; (2) applying the
paradigm to new areas; and (3) reformulating ideas of the existing paradigm, i.e. attempts to
explain empirical anomalies are carried out.
,Lakatos:
Progressive is evidence that makes the theory stronger, degenerative is evidence that weakens
the theory.
Challenges in healthcare: economics of healthcare isn’t as developed as mainstream
economics:
,Recommendations:
-The government’s commitment to multi-sectoral policies to reduce inequalities in health:
- The government’s commitment to health impact assessment (HIA):
HIA has been defined as ‘the estimation of the effects of a specified action on the health of a
defined population’.
, But more focus needed on (not only the negative points) the advantages.
- Research councils’ calls for proposals on inequalities in health: (more research)
The future of health economics:
Williams:
Phelps:
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