Typically, the odds ratio approximates the relative risk when?
Antwoord: The incidence of disease is low
2.
Which epidemiologic study design is best for studying a rare disease and a common exposure?
Antwoord: Case-control study
3.
In epidemiologic studies non-differential misclassification (random measurement error) in the measurement of the exposure generally?
Antwoord: Biases the true effect toward the null value
4.
A particular study is using a new machine counting lymphocytes (a type of cells in the immune system). However the machine is not being used correctly, and as a result counts the number of lymphocytes present in a sample incorrectly. However, the degree of error is unpredictable; sometimes it overcounts, sometimes it undercounts, and sometimes it counts correctly. What can we say about the reliability and validity of this study measure?
Antwoord: The measure is valid ON AVERAGE but not reliable &
The measure is not valid and not reliable
5.
Which best described the impact that a true confounding variable can have on study results?
Antwoord: A confounder may increase or decrease the observed measure of association, depending on the specific circumstances.
Voorbeeld van de inhoud
Glossary assignment 2016
Introduction to Epidemiology and Public Health
Concept Definition (source) Definition in own Synonyms (if Calculation (if Units (if Additional questions Other
words/ give example applicable) applicable) applicable) comments
WEEK 1
Part 1: Introduction to the field
1. Epidemic New cases of a What is the difference between
disease in a given epidemic, endemic and pandemic?
population during a
given time period Pandemic: epidemic that spreads
occur at a rate that across a large region.
substantially Endemic: (infectious) disease that is
exceeds what is common at a specific place.
'expected'.
Part 2: Measures of disease occurrence
2. Prevalence proportion What is difference between prevalence Prevalence:
proportion and incidence proportion? point and
period.
3. Incidence proportion Percentage of Measures the proportion Cumulative incidence Number of new cases / % Average risk in
people who newly of people who develop (CI). number of people at a cohort, with
get the disease (%). the disease during a risk (everybody who complete
specified period. does not have the follow-up.
disease yet) at the Closed
start of the period. population.
Attack rate and
lifetime risk.
4. Incidence rate Rate at which new Incidence density. Number of new cases / Per 100.000 What is the difference between Closed
cases of a disease Rate. Hazard. number of person- people per year. incidence proportion and incidence population and
have occurred. years when people (Any power of rate? open cohort or
were at risk of getting 10: 100, 1.000, dynamic
the disease. 10.000, population.
100.000),
Person-years.
5. (Crude) mortality rate Death rate. Explain the difference between crude
and standardised mortality rates
6. Direct standardisation What is the added value of direct
1
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