College aantekeningen
Migration & Society: class notes
International migration has changed the face of societies. Dilemmas rise as socities try to respond to it. What is needed is a more sophisticated treatment of space.
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Class 1 (2/2) Intro & Structure of Migarationint migration has changed the face of societies. dilemmas rise as socities try to respond to iy.
what is needed is a more sophisticated treatment of space than what is offered by
methodological nationalism or transnationalism (think in larger terms than nations).
Why GPE & migration?
1. geographical inequalities and environtmenal changes are crucial to understand
human mobility between places.
- migation is a human response to the geography of uneven development
(infrastructure, ways of living, etc)
2. migration and spatial dynamics are interrelated
- both are always in relation
- attraction and concentration (like fabelas or student housings): national issue
in netherlands
(Why could this happen? bc of slow bureaucracy fro asylum seekers,
stagnating outflow (housing crisis and exceptional conditions for ukrain
refugees), goverannce (flexible infrastrcuture for asylum migration - reducing
locations is easy but finding new location always brings controversy-)
Planning of cities helps to attract the right population
- urbanisation and suburbanisation
3. Both the facilitation as well as control of migration have “complex geographies” in
terms of scales, networks and actors
- territory and territoriality
- migration is a networked phenomenon (social networks and migration
industry)
4. Lived geographies are inherent aspects of the migration process
- social spaces (schools, neighbourhoods)
- migration binds together societies here and there
- lived geographies & stratifies citizenships (erasmus), this is social engineering
Patterns of migration
- stocks (share of a population at certain time and place) vs flow (ppl coming in and
out, not stable populations)
- these account for very diff statistics
Structures of migration:
1. Political structures (geo-historical, colonial fault lines,
2. Economic:
3. Social: (
Conclusion: Migration is inherently a question of geographical space, environmental
dynamics and planning
migration impacts sceties here, there and along the way
Its a selective process (passports, its never the poorest of porr who migrates..)
, decision making is important but these decisions dont happen in a vacuum
Class 2: (6/2): Approaches (mix of mine and Dan’s notes)
● Trends in migration include:
1. Globalization of migrants: diversification of origins and destinations and hence
increase in effect around the world
2. Changing spatial directions: reversed (immigrants leaving again), changing
and not stable. Before europe was the continent of emigration, now it is of
immigration. Flows are changing and not stable
3. Differentiation of migration: changing motives of migration (family reunion,
chain migration, increased mobility and changing transport methods). before it
was more about labour, not it is also about family reunification. or chained
migrations (fellow countrymen travel to were some went before)
4. Proliferation of transition: not just A to B, more onward migration and places
of transition becoming a destination. Turkey was of transit now it is also
becoming a final destination.
5. Feminization: share of women increasing including for labour and changing
nature of jobs they take (CCC jobs: cleaning, caring and catering)
6. Politicization: migration and migtrants becoming more political and issue of
debate (security issue vs humanitarianism)
● International migration flow:
- 2000: 2,8%
- 2020: 3,6%
- they are mostly documented migrants
- this are only international numbers, so mobility must be much higher
● Forced displaced persons:
1. Refugees: were given asylum. 32 mill
2. Asylum seekers: still in process. were 5 mill
3. Internally displaced persons: ppl forced out of home but still in same country.
Were 53 mill (they are all forms of forced displaced persons, majority stay in
own country)
4. Others were 5 mill
5. Undocumented migrants ??? estimated 15 in total
Focussing on migration
● Trends concerning:
- Migrants and their characteristics (age of migration book): look more at their
characteristics than at the process
- Migration as a process (reasons for moving)
- Migrants and migration as part of larger/overarching processes (overarching
means comprehensive or all-embracing) (4ex globalization, structurization)
● Approaches to migration
- Creation/initiation vs the journey: decision making to move vs the physical
journey including once they are at destination (inclusion etc)
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