Samenvatting
Summary - Family Law (LAW-1KPRIV2-22)
- Instelling
- Haagse Hogeschool (HHS)
Summary of Family Law
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Voorbeeld van de inhoud
Lecture week 01: sources, interplay with pil, the relevance of ecthr in familymatters, and free movement of families
What is family law?
Definition of family law (many definitions on the slide)
o What does the word ‘FAMILY’ mean
- This can be in a personal, legal, symbolic, or religious sense
1. A family is a married, civil partnered or cohabitating couple with or
without children, or a lone parent, with at least one child, who live
at the same address.
2. A family is a group of people who are related to each other,
especially parents and their children.
blood relatives
group of relatives with the same name
In 2014 the US Census Bureau began including same-sex marriages in their counts of families. Prior
to this, they were counted as cohabiting partners and thus not considered to form a family.
Trends in family law
Legislative framework
ECtHR
o What is ‘FAMILY LAW’
- Legal regulation of adult relationships and parent-child relationships, together with the financial
aspects of such relationships.
Dutch: personal- en familierecht
English: the law of persons and family law
"Regardless of whether globalization is to be applauded or condemned, it has had the undeniable
effect of bringing more people and cultures together. The result for the family law practitioner is a
world of new and challenging legal issues as well as new possibilities prompted by the cross-
fertilization of legal ideas."
- D. Blair & M. Weiner, Family Law in the World Community
,What is the difference between comparative v. international family law
Comparative family law:
1. Focuses on developments with its great variety of family law systems: Comparison
2. Comprises a general, instructive, and pointed comparison of the American and European
family law systems, and eventually take into account - as far as this has been possible - all
family law systems in the world.
International family law:
1. Entails the rules for cross- border family relations on the one hand, and
2. The body of international and (European) instruments and decisions of supranational courts
which regulate family relationships, on the other.
Trends In family law:
Rise in births outside marriage
Custody awards are becoming gender neutral
Co-parenting
Status of children within family law
Same-sex couples in Europe: more rights in more countries
Alternative dispute resolution - non-confrontational approach to family problems
Legislative framework: sources of family law
1. National level - every country
o Legislation: constitution, civil code, and statutes
o Case law, doctrine
2. International level
o Cross border family law/private international law (rules)
o Regional: EU, e.g., Regulation 1111/2019 - parental responsibility and divorce rules
of jurisdiction, Charter of EU
o Regional: Inter-American HR Court
, 3. Global rights
o United Nations - United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC)
/human rights treaty which sets out the civil, political, economic, social, health and
cultural rights of children/
o Hague Convention of 29 May 1993 on Protection of Children and Co-operation in
Respect of Intercountry Adoption (Hague Adoption Convention)
4. Human rights
o Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms
o Case law - the practical application of Article 8 thereof developed by the
European Court of Human Rights
Legislative actions of the EU in the field of PIL and family law
- The EU cannot give substantive family rules, but it can legislate on cross-border issues.
Although family law remains the competence of EU countries, the EU can legislate on family law if
there are border implications:
• The question at which court a divorce application should be filed and which country's law is
applicable to the divorce
• The issue of child custody across borders
• The enforcement of maintenance obligations abroad
• Succession issues in the event of death
Article 81 (3) TFEU - special legislative procedure is in place for such situations: all EU countries have
to agree (unanimity) and the European Parliament must be consulted:
"[….] measures concerning family law with cross-border implications shall be established by
the Council, acting in accordance with a special legislative procedure. The Council shall act
unanimously after consulting the European Parliament.
, Free movement of families
All EU citizens and their family members have the right to move and reside freely within the EU -
fundamental right established by Article 21 of the TFEU and Article 45 of the EU Charter of
Fundamental Rights
Family members of EU citizens, either EU citizens or nationals of a non-EU country, have the
right to accompany or join EU citizens in another EU Member State. They may be asked to
comply with certain conditions or formalities
- This right is enjoyed by all Union citizens irrespective of their sexual orientation
• BUT...Parenthood established in one EU country may not be recognized in another. This can
lead to problems when travelling or moving to another EU country, and can endanger a
child's rights derived from parenthood (e.g., on maintenance, succession)
o Pancharevo case, CJEU
• Proposal for a EU COUNCIL REGULATION on jurisdiction, applicable law, recognition of
decisions and acceptance of authentic instruments in matters of parenthood and on the
creation of a European Certificate of Parenthood
The role of the public policy
Public policy --> This is the common interest of jurisdiction (family law) which reflects and
addresses the principles and understandings of this society.
A doctrine, which addresses the principles, typical for certain country or region, that
underpin the operation of the legal system
Affects the whole population
It concerns values, that change and evolve with the time.
The law in general is most effective when it corresponds the general social norms
European convention on human rights
Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms
Opened for signature in Rome on 4 November 1950 and came into force in 1953
The first instrument to give effect to certain of the rights stated in the Universal
Declaration of Human Rights and make them binding
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