Samenvatting
Summary 7ZW4M0 - Built Environment and Smart Mobility
Summary of all lectures and corresponding literature.
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Built Environment and Smart MobilitySummarizing the Lectures
Student: F.W.F. (Fleur) Klanderman
Course: Built Enviroment and Smart Mobility (7ZW4M0)
Master: Architecture, Building and Planning
Urban Systems & Real Estate
University: Eindhoven University of Technology
Coordinators: Mrs. S. Rasouli
Mr. H.J.P. Timmermans
Date: June 26th, 2016
,Table of Contents
WEEK 1 Built Environment and Transportation....................................................... 3
1.1 History .........................................................................................................................3
1.2 Expansion of cities .......................................................................................................4
1.3 Configuration of land use ............................................................................................6
WEEK 2 Real estate, Accessibility and Transportation ............................................ 7
2.1 Accessibility .................................................................................................................7
2.2 Space Syntax ...............................................................................................................8
1. Space Syntax Method ................................................................................................................. 8
2.3 Hedonic Pricing ...........................................................................................................8
1. Valueing Bundled Goods ............................................................................................................ 8
WEEK 3 Urban Systems and Transportation Systems ........................................... 10
3.1 Urban Structure and Transportation ..........................................................................10
3.2 New Urbanism Movement.........................................................................................11
3.3 Transit Oriented Development (TOD) .......................................................................12
WEEK 4 Transportation, Environment and Quality of Life .................................... 13
4.1 Impact of cars ............................................................................................................13
4.2 Quality of Life (QOL) .................................................................................................13
1. Health ................................................................................................................................. 13
4.3 Sustainable Urban Transport .....................................................................................14
WEEK 5 Models of Travel Demand ....................................................................... 15
5.1 Travel Demand Forecasting ......................................................................................15
STEP 1 Trip frequency ............................................................................................................ 15
STEP 2 Destination Choice ..................................................................................................... 16
STEP 3 Transportation Mode Choice ..................................................................................... 16
STEP 4 Route Choice .............................................................................................................. 16
5.2 Activity-Based Models ...............................................................................................16
REASON 1 Integrity ................................................................................................................... 16
REASON 2 Interdependencies .................................................................................................. 16
REASON 3 Resolution ................................................................................................................ 17
REASON 4 Behavioral Mechanism ............................................................................................ 17
WEEK 6 Models of Travel Demand ....................................................................... 18
WEEK 7 Models of Traffic Flows ........................................................................... 19
WEEK 8 Smart Mobility ......................................................................................... 20
Eindhoven University of Technology 2
, WEEK 1 Built Environment and Transportation
Urban systems and transportation systems are intrinsically connected.
- Historically, new transport technology induced changes in worldwide urban systems.
- Expansion of cities became possible due to new means of transportation.
- Configuration of land use offers opportunities but also sets constraints, considering transport
mode.
1.1 History
< 1800’s Pre-industrial era
Limited transport technology
- No mechanized forms of transportation
1800 – 1870 Industrial Revolution
Mechanization of transportation
- Steam engine (as a water pump)
- First steamship on the Delaware river (1790)
Regular maritime routes
Land transport systems
- Roads were commonly unpaved and could not be used to effectively carry heavy loads
Freights shipping canals
- Linking different segments of fluvial systems into a comprehensive waterway system
- Lowered significantly land transport costs
Railway systems
- Access to national resources and markets
- End of the canal era:
- Many canals fell into despair
- Unable to compete with the speed and flexibility of rail
- Only the most strategic links were kept
1870 – 1920 Modern Transport Systems
Growth of international transportation
- Shift from coal to oil in ships:
- Reduce their energy consumption by a factor of 90%.
- Increase in ship size (no longer limited by wood).
- Construction of the Suez and Panama canals.
Dominance of the rail transport system
- By the early 20th century, most systems reached their peak.
- Overinvestment and over development, a phase of decline followed.
Modern urban transportation
- Introduction of tramways (1880; horse drawn and then electric)
- Underground metro systems in large cities (London, 1863)
- Bicycle (1867); cheap mobility for the masses
1920 – 1970 Fordist Era
Internal combustion engine
- Diesel engine (1885)
- Fast, inexpensive and ubiquitous transport modes (car, buses and truck)
Mass production system
- Ford Model T: about 14 million Ford Model t were built (1913 – 1927)
- Increased demand for oil products and other raw materials (steel and rubber)
Eindhoven University of Technology 3
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