College aantekeningen
EL CONCEPTO DE GRAMATICA Y LA EXPRESION DE LA CUALIDAD
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TEMA 12 Y 14DE OPOSICIONES DE SECUNDARIA DE INGLES
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UNIT 12:THE CONCEPT OF GRAMMAR: REFLECTIONS ON LANGUAGE
AND LANGUAGE LEARNING. FROM NORMATIVE GRAMMAR TO
GRAMMAR ACCORDING TO LANGUAGE USE AND
COMMUNICATION.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
0. INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................................2
1. THE CONCEPT OF GRAMMAR...................................................................................................2
2. A GENERAL OVERVIEW OF GRAMMAR IN LANGUAGE AND LANGUAGE LEARNING: FROM
NORMATIVE TO COMMUNICATIVE GRAMMAR...........................................................................2
2.1. PRESCRIPTIVE GRAMMAR.................................................................................................3
2.2. DESCRIPTIVE GRAMMAR...................................................................................................3
2.3. STRUCTURAL GRAMMAR..................................................................................................4
2.4. TRANSFORMATIONAL GENERATIVE GRAMMAR................................................................4
2.5. COMMUNICATIVE GRAMMAR...........................................................................................4
3. WHAT GRAMMAR SHOULD BE TAUGHT?.................................................................................5
4. HOW GRAMMAR SHOULD BE TAUGHT?..................................................................................5
5. CONCLUSION: DIDACTIC IMPLICATIONS...................................................................................6
6. BIBLIOGRAPHY..........................................................................................................................6
, 0. INTRODUCTION
This unit is relevant as it shows that grammar remains the same and has the same purpose: to
analyse and study language, although its materials or procedures have been transformed in an
increasing tendency towards specialisation, precision and dissection of spoken and written
language.
In this unit, an explanation of the concept of grammar will be made. Special emphasis will be
placed on the role of pedagogical grammars, as they are those which will be directly applied in
language teaching practice. In the second section, a historical survey of the development of
the goals of grammatical study, its tools and its advantages and disadvantages will be
provided, as well as a brief comment on the implications for language teaching proposed or
derived from each theory. Later, a reflection upon what and how grammar should therefore be
taught will be made. Finally, the main educational implications together with a conclusion will
be provided.
1. THE CONCEPT OF GRAMMAR
The concept of grammar emerges from the major concern of early Greek and Roman
scholarship on thought about language. Plato, Aristotle, and the Stoics devoted much time to
the development of specific ideas about language, and in particular, to grammatical analysis.
Grammar is the system of a language. People sometimes describe grammar as the "rules" of a
language; but in fact, no language has rules*. If we use the word "rules", we suggest that
somebody created the rules first and then spoke the language. But languages did not start like
that. Languages started by people making sounds which evolved into words, phrases and
sentences. No commonly-spoken language is fixed, that is, all languages change over time.
Defining grammar, therefore, is not a straightforward matter. A basic, working definition might
be that grammar is the dimension of the linguistic system that deals with words and how
they can be combined in various ways.
2. A GENERAL OVERVIEW OF GRAMMAR IN
LANGUAGE AND LANGUAGE LEARNING: FROM
NORMATIVE TO COMMUNICATIVE GRAMMAR
PEDESTECO
This section will offer the evolution from normative to communicative grammar, reflecting the
changing focus on grammar: from the standardisation of language rules to language in
communication for the social purposes
There are five main types of English grammars in history up to the present day. We can
distinguish among (1) prescriptive (also called traditional and normative) grammar; (2)
descriptive grammar; (3) structural grammar; (4) transformational generative grammar; and
(5) communicative (also called functional and linguistic) grammar.
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