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Breadth 2 Tudors: Gaining the co-operation of the localities,

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Unit 31 - Rebellion and disorder under the Tudors, 1485-1603

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PEARSON (PEARSON)

This document includes revision notes regarding Breadth 2 of the rebellion and disorder under the Tudors module for History A Level. The well-organised notes include information about gaining the co-operation of the localities throughout in Tudor England, from a consistent grade A student. The con...

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wales
the north
governance
king henry vii
king henry viii
king edward vi
queen mary i
queen elizabeth i
literacy and education
yeoman class
justices of the peace
taxation
patronage
royal progresses

Study Level
A/AS Level
Publisher
PEARSON (PEARSON)
Subject
History 2015
Course
Unit 31 - Rebellion and disorder under the Tudors, 1485-1603

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How effectively were the localities governed?
RELATIONS WITH THE LOCALITIES

1) WALES:
- Was not always under control of the English Crown.
- Marcher regions = along English-Welsh border = Gloucestershire, Herefordshire, Worcestershire =
developed their own laws + customs = were the first line of defence.
Hard to maintain English law + order in Wales as they had their own legal system which depended on the
local marcher lords’ power + control.
- Nobility who owned these regions had huge political/ legal/ military power.
E.G. Edward Stafford, Duke of Buckingham = threat to the throne as he had a claim + landed estates in
Wales = he visited his estates with 400 armed men = Henry VIII’s suspicions led to Stafford’s execution.
- Council of Wales = based at Ludlow Castle = secured control of marcher regions + was led by the most
trusted Tudor nobility.
Jasper Tudor, Duke of Bedford = became head of Council in 1490.
- Henry VIII wanted to erode powers of strong nobility in Wales = extend power of the Crown:
Sent Prince Arthur in 1502 = to enhance royal control by creating a permanent presence = failed as Arthur
died.
Sent Princess Mary in 1525 = as a figure-head for the Council of Wales + was given her own court based at
Ludlow Castle = unsuccessful as she returned to London in 1528.
Both failed to enhance any royal control in the locality.

2) THE NORTH:
- Furthest away from the Crown = geographical challenge to exert control.
- Northern marcher lands = 3 zones = western/ middle/ eastern = hard to control = geographically remote +
poor communication = threat of invasion from Scotland.
Northern marches controlled by wardens responsible for defence + maintain order= cross-border raids
made job difficult.
- Closer to Catholic Scotland.
- Threat of Scotland + France as they formed Auld Alliance.
- Problem for Henry VII = North was closer to York (than the Crown) which had loyal Ricardian support = he
usurped Richard III in Battle of Bosworth = worsened his instability + vulnerability to invasions from rivals.
- 1489 revolt = North was suffering from economic hardship + tax revolt in Yorkshire led to murder of Henry
Percy = Henry’s first line of defence + in charge of money collection for the region.
Henry VII advantage from Percy death = created Thomas Howard as lieutenant in North = representative
of the King = increased Henry’s control in this locality.
- Key Northern families = Dacres/ Percy Earls of Northmberland/ Cliffords/ Neville earls of Westmoreland.
Involved in complex feuds with each other = not peaceful.
- 1525 = Henry created Council of the North = Henry Fitzroy as president = was illegitimate + a child = died as
a child = low impact.
- Rebellions forced Henry to make more permanent + direct royal intervention in the North = E.G. 1536 PoG.

The Law in Wales Act 1535: Henry VIII

- Introduced by Thomas Cromwell, passed in 1536 by English parliament.
- Transformed the structure of the Welsh government:
Abolished the Principality of Wales = Welsh land conquered in 13 th century given to the Prince of Wales
(heir to the English throne).
Introduced English style of local government.
Banned use of Welsh.
Ended power of military + marcher lords.
- Law + order improved.
- Wales now a smaller threat to English political stability.

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