Samenvatting
Summary BIS_BA1BusinessEconomics
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- Instelling
A well-organised summary with all chapters chronically ordered. At the end of the summary you can also find extended summaries of the readers.
[Meer zien]Voorbeeld 4 van de 59 pagina's
Voorbeeld 4 van de 59 pagina's
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Voorbeeld van de inhoud
1st semester Business EconomicsSummary BIS (Business Information Systems)
BIS2 : Basic concepts
What is the main purpose of this course “Business Information Systems”?
= To provide the students some important concepts and tools of business information
technology for good communication between management and computer scientists
Facts:
• Information technology has become very important nowadays, but many projects fail
because:
➢ Shortages or even absence of agreements
➢ Wrong explanation or misinterpretation
• Why is the knowledge of IT important for a company, and organization and its management
team?
➢ Good communication
➢ Efficiency
➢ Ex. Tax-on-web, Amazon, Bol.com order in the morning – delivery today
• Geert Noels :” IT is one of the major force in our economy”
• 52% of the investments are related to IT
• Return on IT versus IT investment paradox
= High investments in IT do not always mean a higher productivity
• Percentage of It projects that fail?
= 80 to 90 %
• Defining alignment?
= Applying It in an appropriate and timely
way and in harmony with business
strategies, goals and needs
Weakness-risk
= Smooth progress depends on the appropriate
functioning of IT
What if the IT is down?
= Problems with:
• Web-shop
• Management of orders
• Payments
• Customer service
Introductory concepts :
Maïté De Backer 1
, 1. Hardware
o Input
o Output
o Computer
▪ Memory: RAM/ROM
(Read Only Memory)
= (Random Access
Memory) when you start
your computer, RAM is
empty. This is used
when you work with
your computer
▪ CPU (Central Processing
Unit)
2. Software
= Sequence of orders formulated by programs
o Conversion into machine language
= The set of symbolic instruction codes usually in binary form that is used to
represent operations & data in a machine
o Modules:
▪ Reuse
▪ Less complex
▪ Splitting into sub-problems
▪ Error modules easy to find
▪ Collaboration with several people
! Software can also be data!
3. Database
= Organized collection of data stored in a computer
4. Network
= Multiple computers to communicate &
exchange data
o Types: PAN, LAN, MAN, WAN
o Protocols:
▪ TCP
= Transmission Control
Protocol
▪ IP
= Internet Protocol
5. Servers
= Computer only for calculation & storage
➢ No screen, No keyboard
Ex. Email, webserver
Maïté De Backer 2
, 6. Internet
= The biggest internetwork
o In OECD (Organization for economic cooperation and development) has a
penetration rate of 83%
o Penetration rate= the percentage of the relevant population that has purchased a
brand/category at least once in the time period under study
7. Computer architecture
= fundamental organization of the computer system
o PHASE 1 : MAINFRAME
= High performance computers, large amount of memory
o PHASE 2 : PC & CLIENT SERVER
= pc/ mobile device is the requesting machine & the server is the supplying machine
o PHASE 3 : BROWSER / CLOUD
= Online storage for data, software & files
8. Processes
= Sequence of steps/actions with the aim of generating a product or service`
Something you use in daily life
Start in ‘90
= need for operation between the various actors/departments within an organization
9. Information system
= Combination of IT hardware, software, processes, and people who use it
BIS 3: Algorithm
= Problem solving operations in daily life
All programs must have a result!
Processes = something you use in daily life
o Not all algorithms are processes
Steps in programming:
1. Problem definition
= The problem will be fully & accurately defined (which situation to which result to what the
link is between both)
2. Solution Strategy
= Choice of a solution method & data representation:
• Trying to divide the problem into smaller sub-problems
• Agreeing what will happen in each sub-problem
3. Representation of the algorithm
Ex. Flow Chart, Nassi-Schneidermann-diagram, Pseudo Code
Maïté De Backer 3
, 4. Programming
= Fully elaborated algorithm translated into the selected programming language
Ex. C ++, Java, JavaScript, Pascal…
5. Compiling
• To detect syntax errors
• Translation into machine language
= binary 1/0 (your computer can’t read python)
• Compiler VS interpreter
6. Testing
= Result must be logically correct & test all different cases
➢ Don’t make all the combinations
➢ Bugs = fault in the program
7. Documenting
= All info that will help 3rd parties to understand, modify, improve/ complete the program
8. Maintenance
= After a while program has to be updated
Report charges in documentation!
Algorithm = A method to solve a problem
➢ A sequence of actions / commands / rules starting from a given initial situation, leading to a
certain goal within a finite time
= COMMANDS MUST BE UNDERSTOOD IN AN UMAMBIGUOUS WAY
o From d’Al-Khwarizmi
= Mathematician, geographer, astrologer
o Treatise on algebra
= The compendious book on calculation by completion & balancing
• Book is in big lines a compilation & extensions of known rules for
solving quadratic equations
• Book is considered to be the foundation of algebra (= reunion of
broken parts)
➢ Used in cryptography, information routing, text processing…
Maïté De Backer 4
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