College aantekeningen

Lectures Health Promotion and Disease Prevention 22/23

6 keer verkocht

Instelling
Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VU)

Uitwerkingen hoorcolleges Health Promotion and Disease Prevention voor de master Health Sciences aan de Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam

[Meer zien]

Voorbeeld 4 van de 53 pagina's

Bekijk voorbeeld

Geupload op 31 juli 2023
Aantal pagina's 53
Geschreven in 2022/2023
Type College aantekeningen
Docent(en) -
Bevat Alle colleges

upstream determinants
hearing impairment
community action
quality of life
evaluation
implementation
economic evaluation
power calculation and analyzing rct data
vitamin g green space for our health

Volgen

15bibejan Lid sinds 1 jaar 25 documenten verkocht

€7,49

In winkelwagen

Opslaan

100% tevredenheidsgarantie
Direct beschikbaar na je betaling
Lees online óf als PDF
Geen vaste maandelijkse kosten

Inhoudsopgave

Introduction lecture 31-10-2022 ..................................................................................................................... 3
Chronic diseases and lifestyle factors................................................................................................................. 3
Levels of influence over human behavior: socio-ecological model ..................................................................... 3
Defining Health Promotion and Disease Prevention .......................................................................................... 3
Types of prevention ............................................................................................................................................ 4
Intervention levels, and tools or instruments ..................................................................................................... 4

Lecture 2: Upstream determinants of lifestyle behaviours and chronic disease risk ........................................ 5
What are upstream determinants? .................................................................................................................... 5
ANGELO-framework ........................................................................................................................................... 5
Challenges in upstream research ....................................................................................................................... 6
(Evaluation of) behavioural theories .................................................................................................................. 6

Lecture 3: Hearing impairment in adults ......................................................................................................... 8
Describe some determinants and consequences of hearing impairment........................................................... 8
Describe primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention of hearing impairment .................................................. 8
Understand the relevance of applying health behaviour change models when designing and implementing
interventions .................................................................................................................................................... 10
Understand how to design and perform a cluster RCT by evaluating an intervention: SUPR study ................ 12
Summary .......................................................................................................................................................... 13

Lecture 4: Community action (research): a transdisciplinary approach to health promotion ......................... 14
Introduction...................................................................................................................................................... 14
Background of community approach ............................................................................................................... 15
Community what is it? ..................................................................................................................................... 15
Community approaches ................................................................................................................................... 16
Community participation ................................................................................................................................. 16
Social network approach .................................................................................................................................. 17
Intersectoral collaboration ............................................................................................................................... 17
Challenges in community action ...................................................................................................................... 17

Lecture 5: Quality of life ............................................................................................................................... 19
Understand the QoL concept and its domains ................................................................................................. 19
Able to deal with the many terms .................................................................................................................... 19
Why and how to measure QoL ......................................................................................................................... 20
Types of QoL instruments ................................................................................................................................. 21
Able to distinguish health & QoL outcomes ..................................................................................................... 23

Lecture 6: Evaluation .................................................................................................................................... 24

, Understand and describe the concept of evaluation........................................................................................ 24
To name the main elements of an evaluation plan .......................................................................................... 24
Distinguish different types of evaluation ......................................................................................................... 24
Distinguish and name basic evaluation questions ........................................................................................... 26
Describe and use the RE-AIM framework ......................................................................................................... 26
GRADE .............................................................................................................................................................. 27
Quality of evidence........................................................................................................................................... 27

Lecture 7: Power calculation and analyzing RCT data .................................................................................... 29
Sample size calculations ................................................................................................................................... 29
For continuous variables .................................................................................................................................. 29
Dichotomous outcomes.................................................................................................................................... 31
Evidence based medicine ................................................................................................................................. 32
Conclusion ........................................................................................................................................................ 32
The analysis of RCT data .................................................................................................................................. 32
One follow-up measurement............................................................................................................................ 32
More than one follow-up measurement .......................................................................................................... 34

Lecture 8: Vitamin G – the importance of green space for our health ........................................................... 37
Describe and understand why green space could be important in disease prevention and health promotion
programs .......................................................................................................................................................... 37
Describe and understand underlying theories and mechanisms which explain the relation between green
space and health .............................................................................................................................................. 37
Apply knowledge on the relation between green space and health in disease prevention and health
promotion programs ........................................................................................................................................ 39

Lecture 9: Implementation ........................................................................................................................... 40

Lecture 10: Economic evaluation .................................................................................................................. 44
Why conduct economic evaluations? ............................................................................................................... 44
Types of economic evaluations ........................................................................................................................ 44
Steps of an economic evaluation...................................................................................................................... 44
Example Vital@Work ....................................................................................................................................... 47

Lecture 11: Ethics of medical research .......................................................................................................... 48
Unethical experiments ..................................................................................................................................... 48
2 examples from the past............................................................................................................................ 48
And from the present .................................................................................................................................. 48
Responsibilities of METC’s/ REC’s ..................................................................................................................... 50
The ethical and legal ‘pillars’............................................................................................................................ 51
Acceptability (aanvaardbaarheid van het onderzoek) ................................................................................ 51
Protection of the subject/ informed consent .............................................................................................. 52
Incompetent research objects – wilsonbekwaamheid ..................................................................................... 52
Challenges for the future.................................................................................................................................. 53

,Introduction lecture 31-10-2022
Chronic diseases and lifestyle factors
Many chronic diseases are influenced by lifestyle factors
- Lifestyle factors: BRAVVO-acronyme
o Bewegen – Physical activity
o Roken - smoking
o Alcohol
o Voeding - Nutrition
o Veilige seks – Safe sex
o Ontspannen/stress - stress
- Risk factor: when unhealthy behavioral choices are made
o PA à low levels of PA become a risk factor for chronic disease
o Smoking à >10 cigarettes a day
o Alcohol à >7 units a day

Levels of influence over human behavior: socio-ecological model

Different levels of influence on human behavior

Defining Health Promotion and Disease Prevention
Health Promotion = Maintaining people’s current health
status. And ideally shifting towards better health.

Disease Promotion = Preventing people getting a
disease. And prevent a shift towards the seriousness of a
disease.

Examples – HP vs DP
- Smoking reduction with the aim of maintaining an optimal respiratory and CV-
system à HP
- Smoking reduction with the aim to reduce the chance of getting lung cancer à DP

Relation between HP and DP
- Many lifestyle factors focus initially on Health Promotion
o E.g., increasing PA, lowering fat intake, reducing smoking

, - And then have an effect on Disease Prevention
o E.g., preventing obesity or cancer
Types of prevention
- Primary prevention = to prevent (development) disease and illness.
To promote a healthy lifestyle.
- Secondary prevention = early detection of a disease/ screening of
disease e.g., cancer screening
- Tertiary prevention = prevent/ reduce the seriousness or
complications of diseases.
- Palliative care = end of life care, to relieve the pain of the patient, mostly for
terminally ill people.

Prevention can be target at different population levels
- Universal
o Designed to reach entire population, without regard to individual risk factors
and intends to reach a very large audience.
- Selective
o Targets subgroups of general population that are determined to be at risk.
Subgroups may be distinguished by traits such as age, gender, family history,
economic status, etc.
- Indicated
o Involves a screening process and aims to identify individuals who exhibit early
signs of a disease and other problem behaviors.

Intervention levels, and tools or instruments
- Eliminate, restrict, disincentive e.g., legislature/ law, sanctions
- Incentive, shift, enable e.g., pricing, nudging, facilities
- Enable, educate e.g., education, training

Real-life setting
- HPDP requires multifactorial interventions in the complexity of real-life settings.
- Individual move from setting to setting and constantly making lifestyle choices
influenced on different levels (intra, interpersonal, institutional, community, policy).
Consequently, interventions are often aimed at a specific setting.
- Definition of a setting: physical and recognizable structure with predefined
geographical boundaries.

Dit zijn jouw voordelen als je samenvattingen koopt bij Stuvia:

Bewezen kwaliteit door reviews

Studenten hebben al meer dan 850.000 samenvattingen beoordeeld. Zo weet jij zeker dat je de beste keuze maakt!

In een paar klikken geregeld

Geen gedoe — betaal gewoon eenmalig met iDeal, creditcard of je Stuvia-tegoed en je bent klaar. Geen abonnement nodig.

Direct to-the-point

Studenten maken samenvattingen voor studenten. Dat betekent: actuele inhoud waar jij écht wat aan hebt. Geen overbodige details!

Veelgestelde vragen

Wat krijg ik als ik dit document koop?

Je krijgt een PDF, die direct beschikbaar is na je aankoop. Het gekochte document is altijd, overal en oneindig toegankelijk via je profiel.

Tevredenheidsgarantie: hoe werkt dat?

Onze tevredenheidsgarantie zorgt ervoor dat je altijd een studiedocument vindt dat goed bij je past. Je vult een formulier in en onze klantenservice regelt de rest.

Van wie koop ik deze samenvatting?

Stuvia is een marktplaats, je koop dit document dus niet van ons, maar van verkoper 15bibejan. Stuvia faciliteert de betaling aan de verkoper.

Zit ik meteen vast aan een abonnement?

Nee, je koopt alleen deze samenvatting voor €7,49. Je zit daarna nergens aan vast.

Is Stuvia te vertrouwen?

4,6 sterren op Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)

Afgelopen 30 dagen zijn er 65963 samenvattingen verkocht

Opgericht in 2010, al 15 jaar dé plek om samenvattingen te kopen

Begin nu gratis

College aantekeningen

Lectures Health Promotion and Disease Prevention 22/23

Document informatie

Onderwerpen

Geschreven voor

Verkoper

Ontvangen beoordelingen

Voorbeeld van de inhoud