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Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Karen had a baby about ten months ago. Ever since, she has had a poor appetite and poor self-esteem, been unable to sleep (even when the baby wasn’t waking her), and been unable to concentrate for any leng...

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  • 15 augustus 2023
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Voorbeeld van de inhoud

Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

1. What is the most notable contribution of Clarence Hinckes?
a.He argued that mental illness is treatable with a combination of drugs and individualized attention.
b He argued that mental illness was incurable but more humane institutions were needed to care for the mentally
. ill.
c.He argued that mental illness was caused by brain pathology and, therefore, was incurable and that therapy
should consist of learning to cope with symptoms.
d He argued that mental illness was treatable, which was contrary to the prevailing view at the time.
.

2. Who is the concept of a “hierarchy of needs” most closely associated with?
a. Carl Rogers
b. Anna Freud
c. Abraham Maslow
d. Carl Jung

3. The concept of hysteria traditionally meant physical symptoms for which no organic pathology could be found. Which
of the following terms is now used to refer to this concept?
a. neurosis
b. anxiety disorders
c. delusions
d. somatic symptom
disorders

4. Trent is in psychoanalysis and states to his therapist that he thinks that his wife is considering having an affair with her
co-worker. Later on in the session, Trent admits that he is tempted to start an affair with his own co-worker. What defence
mechanism was Trent displaying when he accused his wife of thinking about being unfaithful?
a. sublimation
b. projection
c. displacement
d. denial

5. According to psychoanalytic theory, what is the role of the ego?
a. to counteract the aggressive and sexual drives of the
id
b. to maximize pleasure and reduce tension
c. to mediate conflict between the id and the superego
d. to increase self-esteem and a strong sense of identity

6. What was Erikson’s greatest contribution to psychoanalytical theorizing?
a. his idea that development occurs across the life span
b. his idea that sexual arousal and interest occur during the latency
stage
c. his idea that societal factors influence our behaviour
d. his idea that intrapsychic conflicts are resolved in early childhood

,7. According to psychoanalytic theory, the id operates according to the pleasure principle. What does that mean?
a. It utilizes secondary-process thinking.
b. It thinks in an unemotional, logical, and rational
manner.
c. It is sexual, aggressive, selfish, and envious.
d. It adheres to social rules and regulations.

8. After graduation, two of your friends express an interest in psychology careers. Carl wants to work with relatively
healthy individuals who are experiencing adjustment or vocational difficulties. Anna wishes to focus on the more severe
psychological disorders and conduct research into their causes. Because you are studying abnormal psychology, they ask
you for career advice. What do you tell them?
a. Carl should study psychology at the graduate level, and Anna should apply to medical school.
b. Carl should study clinical psychology at the graduate level, and Anna should study counselling psychology at
the graduate level.
c. Both of them should apply to medical school.
d. Anna should study clinical psychology at the graduate level, and Carl should study counselling psychology at
the graduate level.

9. In the late 1800s, there was an emphasis on biological causes of mental disorders, which ironically reduced interest in
treatments for mental patients. Why did this happen?
a. because it was thought that hospital staff were not adequately trained to administer new
treatments
b. because it was thought that patients would improve more rapidly if they were not hospitalized
c. because it was thought that mental illness due to brain pathology was incurable
d. because it was thought that physicians should devote more time to the physically ill

10. In 1895, how did neurologist Josef Breuer treat Anna O.’s hysterical symptoms?
a. using mesmerism
b. using hydrotherapy
c. using the placebo effect
d. using hypnosis

11. Which of the following 18th century terms for psychiatric conditions is related to an explanation for mental illness?
a. lunatic
b. mental
defective
c. maniac
d. idiot

12. You are in a mall when a young child begins to scream and shout because his parents will not buy him the latest toy.
What would B.F. Skinner most likely say about the child’s behaviour?
a. It is an expression of repressed Oedipal anger toward his father and it will diminish naturally as he gets older.
b. It is a classically conditioned response to being in the mall.
c. It would be most effectively altered over the long term by simply ignoring it.
d. It would be most effectively altered over the long term by scolding him and positively reinforcing more
appropriate behaviour.

,13. How does Gestalt therapy differ from psychoanalytic therapy?
a. In Gestalt therapy, there is no delving into past experiences.
b. In Gestalt therapy, the critical element is the therapist’s unconditional positive regard for the
patient.
c. In Gestalt therapy, there is little emphasis on the here and now.
d. In Gestalt therapy, there is little or no training required for therapists.

14. If a psychological disorder is said to have an acute onset, how did the symptoms develop?
a. atypically
b. suddenly
c. gradually
d. sporadically

15. Which of the following Greek philosophers suggested that maladaptive behaviour was rooted in social and cultural
factors?
a. Galen
b. Hippocrate
s
c. Plato
d. Aristotle

16. Popular musician Lady Gaga has performed with blood spurting out of her clothes. Why might having blood spurt
from her clothes be considered abnormal?
a. because her behaviour demonstrates a sense of subjective
discomfort
b. because she has an inability to distinguish right from wrong
c. because it is a deviation from the what is typical in her society
d. because she shows an inability to function effectively

17. Anton Mesmer, an early 18th-century physician, purported to cure patients by unblocking the flow of a bodily fluid he
called “animal magnetism.” Benjamin Franklin’s double-blind experiment indicated that any effectiveness of Mesmer’s
methods was actually due to which of the following?
a. undetectable magnetic fields
b. chemically induced humoral balance
c. the power of suggestion
d. mental telepathy

18. Psychological disorders can be described as following a typical course or individual pattern. Disorders that tend to last
a long time follow one type of course, whereas disorders that show a discontinuous, repetitive pattern follow another type
of course. What are these courses, respectively?
a. chronic; episodic
b. chronic; time-limited
c. pervasive; time-
limited
d. insidious; recurrent

, 19. According to object relations theory, what does the concept of “introjection” refer to?
a. a strong drive toward self-actualization and self-assessment
b. the process of internalizing the images, memories, or values of an important person in one’s
life
c. the ability to adapt successfully to one’s environment
d. projecting one’s own unacceptable feelings onto another individual or object

20. Why is a patient’s age important information in the clinical description?
a. because young children do not experience true psychological disorders
b. because older adults are reluctant to report psychological symptoms
c. because children are not reliable sources of information about symptoms
d. because disorders occurring in childhood may be expressed differently at older
ages

21. In most Western societies, what happens when a person enters a trance state and believes he or she is possessed?
a. The person is believed to be suffering from a psychotic
disorder.
b. The person is diagnosed with a dissociative disorder.
c. The person may be viewed as having a psychological disorder.
d. The person can be cured with antipsychotic medication.

22. Why are hysterical disorders no longer considered to be caused by a “wandering” uterus?
a. because men also suffer from hysterical disorders
b. because of greater knowledge of physiology
c. because the theory is considered insulting to women
d. because when the uterus is removed, symptoms tend to
remain

23. William lived in the 19th century and had the cognitive disorder known as “general paresis.” Based on this
information, what other disease do you know William suffered from?
a. epilepsy
b. hysteria
c. malaria
d. syphilis

24. In the 14th century, what did the physician who first treated France’s King Charles VI suggest as a cure?
a. reducing his responsibilities
b. bloodletting
c. exorcism
d. sexual abstinence

25. Statistical data are relevant to researchers. For example, one major epidemiological study found that about 7.8 percent
of people in North America have had a mood disorder at some point in their lives and 3.7 percent have experienced a
mood disorder over the past year. What do the 7.8 percent and 3.7 percent statistics refer to, respectively?
a. incidence; prevalence
b. incidence; recurrence
c. proportion; prevalence
d. prevalence; incidence

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