Summary Charismatic and Transformational Leadership | Introduction to Leadership Studies
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Introduction to Leadership Studies
Instelling
University Of Exeter (UoEX)
A summary of Introduction to Leadership Studies lecture notes from The University of Exeter. Student gained a first class degree using these notes. Theory, case studies and extra notes included.
Changing Hearts and Minds: Charismatic and Transformational Leadership
Leadership Styles – Evaluated by the Multi-Factor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ)
Transactional Leadership (Burns, 1978)
TRANSACTIONAL LEADERSHIP: Leaders guide or motivate their followers in the
direction of established goals by clarifying role and task requirements and by
providing rewards
Focuses on the exchanges that occur between leaders and their followers
Examples of Exchanges:
• No new taxes = Votes
• Turn in assignments = Grade
• Surpass goals = Promotion
The exchange dimension is so common that you can observe it in all aspects of life
• First
theory to address leadership as a relationship
• Followersare not the passive recipients of leadership
• Based on Adams’ Equity Theory
• Economic transaction puts both parties as equal
Two Components:
Contingent Reward – The leader provides rewards if, and only if, the followers try
hard enough or perform adequately
Management by Exception – The leader does not change the existing working
methods of subordinates so long as performance goals are met. They intervene only if
something is wrong. This can be active, where the leader monitors the situation to
anticipate problems, or passive, where the leader does nothing until a problem or
mistake has actually occurred
Transformational Leadership
• TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP: Leaders inspire followers to transcend their own
self-interests for the good of the organisation
Engaging with others to create a connection that increases motivation and morality in
both the leader and the follower
Leader is attentive to needs and motives of followers and tries to help them reach
their fullest potential
E.g. Mohandas Gandhi:
• Raised the hopes and demands of millions of his people and in the process was
changed himself
“The goal of transformational leadership is to ‘transform’ people and organisations in
a literal sense - to change them in mind and heart; enlarge vision, insight, and
understanding; clarity purposes’ make behaviour congruent with beliefs, principles, or
values; and bring about changes that are permanent, self-perpetuating, and
momentum building” (Bass & Avolio, 1994)
Four Components:
Individualised Consideration – The leader treats each follower on his or her own
merits, and seeks to develop followers through delegation of projects and
coaching/mentoring
Intellectual Stimulation – The leader encourages free thinking, and emphasises
reasoning before any action is taken
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