Test Bank For Introduction to Criminal Justice Practice and Process 2nd Edition Peak
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Introduction to Criminal Justice - Test Bank
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Introduction To Criminal Justice - Test Bank
Chapter 03: Theories of Crime and Measuring Victimization
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The two major schools of criminological through are classical and __________.
a. social economy
b. learned behavior
c. positivism
d. biological evolutionism
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: under heading: Intro...
,Chapter 01: Fundamentals of Criminal Justice: Essential Themes and Practices
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which of the following is true of "three strikes" laws?
a. An offender with three qualifying convictions (misdemeanors or felonies) is
sentenced to a minimum of 25 years in prison.
b. An offender with three qualifying felonies is sentenced to a minimum of 25 years
in prison.
c. An offender with three qualifying felonies is no longer eligible for probation
supervision.
d. An offender with three qualifying convictions (misdemeanors or felonies) is no
longer eligible for probation supervision.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Medium
REF: under heading: Foundations of Criminal Justice: Legal and Historical Bases
OBJ: 1 COG: Comprehension
2. The original intent of which laws was to require violent offenders convicted of a qualifying
felony, with two prior qualifying felony convictions, to serve a minimum of 25 years in
prison?
a. Life laws
b. Striker laws
c. Three strikes laws
d. Hannah prior laws
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy
REF: under heading: Foundations of Criminal Justice: Legal and Historical Bases
OBJ: 2 COG: Knowledge
3. The belief that property holders become members of a commonwealth only with their express
consent to submit to the government of the commonwealth is associated with which theory?
a. Jefferson's theory of democracy
b. Hobbe's social contract theory
c. Locke's theory of tacit consent
d. Rousseau's conflict theory
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy
REF: under heading: The Consensus-Versus-Conflict Debate OBJ: 2
COG: Knowledge
4. What did Locke believe was the chief purpose of government?
a. National defense
b. Printing money
c. Levying taxes
d. Protection of property
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Easy
REF: under heading: The Consensus-Versus-Conflict Debate OBJ: 2
COG: Knowledge
,5. This theorist argued all people are basically selfish and irrational and that people form
governments for self-protection.
a. Hobbes
b. Locke
c. Calvin
d. Rousseau
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Easy
REF: under heading: The Consensus-Versus-Conflict Debate OBJ: 2
COG: Knowledge
6. Which of the following statements is true of the sovereign citizen movement?
a. Members believe the U.S. government is legitimate but that they should not have
to pay taxes.
b. Members believe the U.S. government is illegitimate, although they recognize the
legitimacy of the U.S. Constitution.
c. Members believe the U.S. government is illegitimate and that they should not have
to pay taxes.
d. Members believe the U.S. government is legitimate, but they do not feel they
should be subject to federal laws.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Medium
REF: under heading: The Consensus-Versus-Conflict Debate OBJ: 2
COG: Analysis
7. The __________________ model of the criminal justice process argues that criminal
defendants should be presumed innocent and that the courts' first priority is protecting the
constitutional rights of the accused.
a. due process
b. crime control
c. conflict
d. consensus
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Easy
REF: under heading: Crime Control and Due Process OBJ: 4
COG: Knowledge
8. Which of the following statements most closely describes the due process model of criminal
justice?
a. Criminal defendants are presumed guilty, and the courts should not stand in the
way of effective enforcement of the laws.
b. Criminal defendants are presumed innocent, and the courts' first priority is
protecting the constitutional rights of the accused.
c. Criminal defendants are presumed innocent, and crime is seen as a result of
individual moral failure.
d. Criminal defendants are presumed guilty, and crime is seen as a result of social
influences such as poverty and unemployment.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Medium
REF: under heading: Crime Control and Due Process OBJ: 4
COG: Analysis
, 9. The ___________________ model of the criminal justice process posits that persons who are
charged for a crime are presumed guilty and that the courts should not hinder effective
enforcement of the laws.
a. consensus
b. conflict
c. due process
d. crime control
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Easy
REF: under heading: Crime Control and Due Process OBJ: 4
COG: Knowledge
10. Which of the following statements most closely describes the crime control model of criminal
justice?
a. Criminal defendants are presumed guilty, and the courts should not stand in the
way of effective enforcement of the laws.
b. Criminal defendants are presumed innocent, and the courts' first priority is
protecting the constitutional rights of the accused.
c. Criminal defendants are presumed innocent, and crime is seen as a result of
individual moral failure.
d. Criminal defendants are presumed guilty, and crime is seen as a result of social
influences such as poverty and unemployment.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Medium
REF: under heading: Crime Control and Due Process OBJ: 4
COG: Analysis
11. Police chiefs serve at the pleasure of their _________.
a. city councils
b. county court system
c. state legislature
d. federal government
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Easy
REF: under heading: Permeating the Field OBJ: 3
COG: Knowledge
12. Which of the following criminal justice officials are elected?
a. county sheriff
b. public defender
c. chief of police
d. federal judge
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Easy
REF: under heading: Permeating the Field OBJ: 3
COG: Knowledge
13. Making decisions based on their one’s judgments in particular situations is referred to as
__________.
a. discretion
b. autonomy
c. leadership
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