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BCBA Task list Exam Latest UpdatePositive reinforcement - ANSWER the presentation of a stimulus immediately
following a response that increases future responding
negative reinforcement - ANSWER Increasing behaviors by stopping or reducing
negative stimuli, such as shock. A negative reinforcer is any stimulus that, when
removed after a response, strengthens the response. (Note: negative
reinforcement is not punishment.)
motivating operations - ANSWER Variables in the environment that alter the
relative value of a particular reinforcer at a particular time.
discriminative stimuli - ANSWER stimuli that signal whether reinforcement is
available if a certain response is made
chaining - ANSWER the completion of one step acts as the SD for the next step; a
specific number of responses that are linked together to produce terminal
outcome
forward chaining - ANSWER a method for teaching behavior chains that begins
with the learner being prompted and taught to perform the fist behavior in the
task analysis; the trainer completed the remaining steps in the chain.
backward chaining - ANSWER A teaching procedure in which a trainer completes
all but the last behavior in a chain, which is performed by the learner, who then
receives reinforcement for completing the chain. When the learner shows
competence in performing the final step in the chain, the trainer performs all but
the last two behaviors in the chain, the learner emits the final two steps to
complete the chain, and reinforcement is delivered. This sequence is continued
until the learner completes the entire chain independently.
behavioral cusp - ANSWER a behavior that has consequences beyond the change
itself; it exposes the individual's repertoire to new environments causing their
repertoire to expand
description - ANSWER enables scientists to describe the systematic observation
that enhances that understanding of any given phenomenon
Predicition - ANSWER in the presence of one event, another event occurs with
some specified probability
,control - ANSWER ability to show a functional relation: that one change can be
reliably produced by specific manipulations of another event
Lawfulness of behavior - ANSWER Behavior is the result of some condition that
caused it to happen
Selectionism - ANSWER An approach that, as applied to behavior analysis,
suggests a complete account of behavior must consider 3 levels of selection:
phylogeny, ontogeny, and cultural
determinism - ANSWER All events in the universe are orderly, lawful,
predictable, and determined by physical causes
Parsimony - ANSWER all simple, logical explanations for the phenomenon under
investigation must be ruled out before more complex and abstract explanations
are considered
Pragmaticism - ANSWER an approach that assesses the truth of meaning of
theories or beliefs in terms of the success of their practical application.
Empiricism - ANSWER Developing knowledge from experience and evidence(not
logic or reason). Facts are derived from observation and experimentation
Mentalism - ANSWER The doctrine that all knowledge is a function of mental
phenomena and dependent on the perceiving or experiencing person.
behaviorism - ANSWER the science of behavior is a natural science encompassed
by behavioral events that happen due to the way the universe is arranged and
explained by other natural events
experimental analysis of behavior - ANSWER Basic research; natural science
approach to behavior; lab; non-human subjects; arbitrary responses
Applied behavior analysis - ANSWER science that develops its technology based
on the principles of behavior and applies them systematically to produce socially
significant behavior change. natural environment; human participants; socially
significant
Professional practice guided by the science of behavior analysts - ANSWER
putting ABA principles that have been experimentally validated into practice
stimulus preference assessment - ANSWER A variety of procedures used to
determine the stimuli that a person prefers, the relative preference values (high
versus low) of those stimuli, the conditions under which those preference values
, change when demands, tasks, deprivation states, or schedules of reinforcement
are modified
Multiple Stimulus without Replacement - ANSWER Items are presented in an
array and the client is instructed to pick one and given time to engage with that
item. After the engagement interval, the array is presented again without the
already selected item(s) and the client selects again. Process continues until all
items are chosen or client stops choosing items.
single-stimulus preference assessment - ANSWER "successive choice;" a stimulus
is presented and the person's reaction to it is noted. good for individuals who have
difficulty choosing between 2+ stimuli
free-operant assessment - ANSWER Observing and recording what activities the
target person engages in when she can choose during a period of unrestricted
access to numerous activities
paired choice preference assessment - ANSWER Each trial in the paired choice
preference assessment consists of the simultaneous presentation of two stimuli.
Each stimulus is matched with all other stimuli in the set. The observer notes
which stimulus the learner chooses. The stimuli are rank-ordered in terms of high,
medium, and low preference based on how many times a stimuli is chosen. AKA:
Forced Choice.
response restriction assessment - ANSWER similar to a MSWO but measures
engagement; an array of items with a trial based and duration based measurement
multiple stimulus assessment - ANSWER the person chooses a preferred
stimulus from an array of 3 or more stimuli
duration assessment - ANSWER recording the amount of time that an individual
spends interacting with a stimulus
stimulus preference assessment - ANSWER stimuli are presented to the learner
in a series of trials and the learner's responses to the stimuli are measured as an
index of preference
advantages of using preference assessments - ANSWER preference rankings
based on care giver opinion do not consistently coincide with the results of a
systematic, observational approach to preference assessment; stimuli that were
systematically assessed to be student preference were more likely to be a source of
reinforcing stimuli to use in skill training programs.
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