Deze samenvatting behandelt alle artikelen over entrepreneurship voor het vak Innovation and Entrepreneurship in Context MAN-MIE001-V-1. Alle artikelen zijn chronologisch opgebouwd en er zitten figuren in die je moet kennen.
MAN-MIE001-V-1
Summary of all articles on Entrepreneurship
,Article 1:De Clercq, D., & Voronov, M. 2009. The
Role of Cultural and Symbolic Capital in
Entrepreneurs’ Ability to Meet Expectations about
Conformity and Innovation.
The authors discuss the concept of entrepreneurial success in acquiring resources within a
socially embedded process of pursuing legitimacy. They draw from Pierre Bourdieu's
theory of practice to explore how entrepreneurs, when entering a business field, must
balance two contradictory expectations: fitting into existing field arrangements while
also standing out as innovators. They argue that this balancing act is crucial for resource
acquisition and is influenced by the entrepreneurs' cultural and symbolic capital.
De Clercq and Voronov make several points
Socially Embedded Nature of Entrepreneurship: The authors highlight the socially
embedded nature of entrepreneurship, emphasizing the importance of understanding how
societal and cultural expectations influence entrepreneurial practices.
Legitimacy and Resource Acquisition: They argue that entrepreneurs' ability to acquire
resources is closely tied to their capacity to gain legitimacy by meeting the expectations of
field incumbents regarding conformity and innovation.
Conformity and Innovation: Entrepreneurs must simultaneously conform to existing field
norms and demonstrate innovation. This paradoxical relationship is seen as a core aspect of
legitimate entrepreneurial behavior.
Role of Cultural and Symbolic Capital: The text introduces the role of cultural and
symbolic capital in entrepreneurship, which are less commonly discussed in the literature.
These forms of capital are related to power and influence within a field and can impact an
entrepreneur's ability to meet expectations and acquire resources.
Contingency Factors: The authors identify two contingency factors that can affect how an
entrepreneur's ability to fit in and stand out influences resource acquisition: the maturity of
the field they enter and the need for impression management.
Conceptual Framework: The text proposes a conceptual framework that includes the
notion of entrepreneurial habitus, encompassing the ability to fit in and stand out as key
facets of entrepreneurial legitimacy.
Contributions to Entrepreneurship Literature: The authors argue that their approach
enriches entrepreneurship literature by considering power dynamics, cultural and symbolic
capital, and contextual factors in understanding resource acquisition by entrepreneurs.
,The study elaborates further on the concept of entrepreneurial legitimacy within a field
and how it relates to the acquisition of material resources by entrepreneurs. It also
introduces two key components of entrepreneurial habitus: the expectation to "fit in" and the
expectation to "stand out." Here's a summary of the main points:
Field as a Social Network: The authors view a business field not just as an industry or
profession but as a network of social relations where actors vie for power. Fields are
inhabited by dominant and dominated actors seeking to control and influence the field's
mechanisms.
Entrepreneurial Habitus: Drawing from Bourdieu's theory, entrepreneurial habitus refers to
the cognitive and somatic structures that individuals use to navigate their roles within a field.
These structures are specific to each field and are shaped by historical experiences and
cultural contexts.
Expectation to Fit In: One aspect of entrepreneurial habitus is the expectation that
entrepreneurs must conform to dominant narratives, norms, and standards within a field.
This conformity is essential for gaining external validation and acceptance from
stakeholders. Entrepreneurs need to adhere to shared conceptions of proper organizational
functioning.
Expectation to Stand Out: The second aspect of entrepreneurial habitus is the expectation
that entrepreneurs should challenge the status quo and bring innovation to the field. This
entails introducing novel ideas, technologies, or practices and defying limitations and
recombining resources in innovative ways. Entrepreneurs need to be perceived as rule
breakers and innovators.
Two Facets of Legitimacy: The authors emphasize that entrepreneurs must simultaneously
meet the demands of fitting in and standing out in various aspects of their ventures. These
demands may manifest differently across functional areas or within a specific function, but
they often involve contradictory expectations from incumbent field participants.
Role of Cultural and Symbolic Capital: The ability of entrepreneurs to fulfill these two
facets of legitimacy is influenced by their possession of cultural and symbolic capital.
Cultural capital enables entrepreneurs to fit in, while symbolic capital allows them to stand
out. These forms of capital are linked to power and influence within the field.
Contingency Factors: The text suggests that the effectiveness of entrepreneurs' ability to fit
in and stand out depends on the maturity of the specific business field they enter.
Additionally, entrepreneurs must engage in impression management to navigate conflicting
demands, presenting themselves as both conforming to existing norms and offering superior
innovation.
, Propositions: The authors propose a conceptual framework that integrates these elements
and suggests that the contribution of entrepreneurs' ability to fit in and stand out to their
resource acquisition success depends on field maturity and impression management. The
framework is summarized in figure 1.
In summary, this study provides a theoretical framework for understanding how
entrepreneurs navigate the complex dynamics of legitimacy and power within a field. It
emphasizes the need for entrepreneurs to strike a balance between conformity and
innovation while considering cultural and symbolic capital and contextual factors. The
framework presented in Figure 1 illustrates the relationships between these elements.
Figure 1
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