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Summary Task 5 - Scanning for pedophilia

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Summary of Task 5 in Neuropsychology & Law

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  • 5 oktober 2023
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TASK 5 – SCANNING FOR PAEDOPHILIA
WHAT’S PAEDOPHILIA? – SYMPTOMS, CAUSES, TREATMENT

THE NEUROBIOLOGY & PSYCHOLOGY OF PAEDOPHILIA: RECENT ADVANCES & CHALLENGES
(TENBERGEN ET AL.)

 2 groups of sexual offenders against children
 No sexual preference disorder BUT abuse children – reasons: (1) sexually inexperienced
adolescents, (2) mentally retarded persons, (3) people with ASPD, (4) perpetrators
within general traumatising family constellations
o Most likely diagnosed with impulse control disorders, accounting for their
engaging in child sexual abuse (CSA) without paedophilia
 People with paedophilia (= sexual preference for prepubescent minors) and/or
hebephilia (= sexual preference for pubescent minors)
o Increases risk of engaging in CSA
 Only 50% of individuals who sexually abuse children are paedophilic
 Most sexual assaults happen in the “Dunkelfeld” – for approx. every reported case of
CSA, another 5 are left unreported
 Research domain: paedophilia is viewed as phenotype of sexual preference within realm of
human sexuality – concerns a preferred age in addition to gender
 Sexual preference itself cannot be considered a mental disorder

DSM-5 CRITERIA

CRITERION A – Over 6 months, recurrent & intense sexually arousing fantasies, urges,
behaviours involving sexual activity with prepubescent child / children (generally age 13
years or younger)

CRITERION B – individual has acted on these sexual urges with a nonconsenting person, or sexual
urges / fantasies cause marked distress / interpersonal difficulty

CRITERION C – individual is at least age 16 & at least 5 years older than the child/children in
Criterion A

Specify if – exclusive type (attracted only to children) OR nonexclusive type

Specify if – Sexually attracted to males, females or both

Specify if – Limited to incest

 Paedophilic sexual preference & paedophilic disorder must be differentiated
 It is possible to be diagnosed with Paedophilic Disorder (due to experiencing distress)
without committing an offense

EPIDEMIOLOGY OF PAEDOPHILIA

,  Reliable incidence numbers of paedophilia & its subtypes are difficult to obtain
 Prevalence of true paedophilic sexual preference – 1%
 When including general fantasies, prevalence – 5% among men in general
population
 Berlin Male Study (BMS) – 1915 men aged 40-79
 3.8% acted out paedophilic preference on behavioural level
 Paedophilia generally in males BUT victim survey showed female perpetrator in 14%-24%
of sexually abused males & 6%-14% of sexually abused females
 Common characteristics of female sex offenders: (1) intellectual impairment, (2) high
current / lifetime prevalence of psychiatric or personality disorders, (4) lifetime
prevalence of neglect & sexual abuse

CO-MORBIDITIES WITH PAEDOPHILIA

 Men with paedophilia often have extensive histories of psychiatric disorders that can
overshadow discovery of etiological course
 Results indicate that delinquent paedophiles have Axis 1 & 2 psychiatric comorbidity
development
 Paedophiles in treatment: 2/3 history of mood or anxiety disorder, 60% lifetime
substance abuse history, 60% personality disorder diagnosis
 Child offenders compared to offenders against adolescents & adults scored sig.
higher on (1) neurotic triad, (2) psychotic tetrad, (3) were sig. more introverted

THEORIES OF PAEDOPHILIA

 Paedophilia is multifactorial phenomenon in which influences of (1) genetics, (2) stressful
life events, (3) specific learning processes, (4) perturbations in structural integrity of
pedophilic brains may generate this specific phenotype of sexual preferences


1st  Masturbation conditioning / childhood sexual abuse as causal explanations
theories  Not well supported
 Majority of offenders are male, if conditioning theory were true  more
women as CSO

Currently  Paedophilia often viewed as interaction among neurodevelopmental factors
based on genes & (in utero-) environment
 Neurodevelopmental disorder corroborated by increased rates of (1) non-
right-handedness, (2) shorter stature, (3) lower intelligence, (4) head injury,
(5) prenatal androgen levels, (6) associated neuronal structural &
functional differences that are present since childhood / adolescents

NEURODEVELOPMENTAL CORRELATES OF PAEDOPHILIA

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