100% tevredenheidsgarantie Direct beschikbaar na betaling Zowel online als in PDF Je zit nergens aan vast
logo-home
Samenvatting - Introduction to Research in Marketing €5,99   In winkelwagen

Samenvatting

Samenvatting - Introduction to Research in Marketing

 21 keer bekeken  0 keer verkocht

Dit is een samenvatting van het vak introduction to research in marketing. De volgende 6 onderwerpen zijn samengevat: ANOVA, linear regression, factor analyse, cluster analyse, multiple regression en conjoint analyse.

Voorbeeld 4 van de 49  pagina's

  • 9 oktober 2023
  • 49
  • 2023/2024
  • Samenvatting
Alle documenten voor dit vak (21)
avatar-seller
birgit_brinks
Introduction to research in Marketing
Week 1
HBBA: Chapter 1

HBBA = Broadly speaking, it refers to all statistical methods that simultaneously analyze multiple
measurements on each individual or object under investigation.

Measurement scales:
- Nominal (non-metric) à Chi-square test
- Ordinal (non-metric) à Percentiles, median, rank correlation + all previous statistics
- Interval (metric) à Arithmetic average, range, standard deviation, product-moment
correlation + previous methods
- Ratio (metric) à Geometric average, coefficient of variation + all previous methods




If value of your ratio equals to zero (the zero is abstance), then isn’t there. For example, if the profit
is 0, there is no zero, and if the distance is 0, then there is no distance.

Reliability = refers to the degree in which multiple measurements
give the same result. Is the measure, consistent or correctly
reregistered?
- Low reliability = you are trying but, you are going in all
different directions.
- High reliability = for example, you can approach every shot
as one measurement.

Validity = refers to the degree to which the scores on a measure represent the variable they are
intended to. Does the measure capture the concept it is supposed to measure?

Statistical significance and power
Hypothesis testing:
H0: no difference H1: Difference
H0: No difference 1-a ß (Type II error)
H1: Difference a (type I error) 1 – ß (power)

Type I error (a) = probability of test showing statistical significance when it is not present (false
positive) (rejecting the null hypothesis when it’s true.

Type II error (ß) = Keeping the null hypothesis when the alternative is true.
Power (1 – ß) = Probability of test showing statistical significance when it is present.

,Power depends on:
- A larger p-value (+)
- Effect size (+)
- Sample size n (+)
Implications:
- Anticipate consequences of a, effect and n
- Assess/incorporate power when interpreting results.

If we are willing to settle for a higher alpha than it means our power will increase. When you willing
to set a higher alpha, you are saying that you are taking a higher risk.

Types of multivariate methods:
Dependence techniques:
- One or more variables can be identified as dependent variables and the remaining as
independent variables.
- Choice of dependence technique depends on the number of dependent variables involved in
analysis.
- Looking for a causal relationship.
Interdependence techniques:
- Whole set of interdependent relationships is examined.
- Further classified as having focus on variable or object.
- Not looking for a causal relationship but looks at the whole group of variables and try to find
structure/pattern in there.

Outliers = observations with a unique combination of characteristics identifiable as distinctly
different from the other observations. Unusual observations.
- Good: true value (probably)
- Bad: something is wrong?
o To distinguish these types, one should investigate the causes
§ Procedural error
§ Exceptional circumstances (cause known or unknown)
§ Regular levels, yet unique in combination with other variables (bivariate and
multivariate outliers)
Bad outliers completely mess up the results.

How can we detect outliers:
- Univariate (histograms, TS plots, Frequency Tables, Means +/- 3SD, box plots)
- Bivariate (scatterplot, multiple histograms)
- Multivariate (Mahala Nobis D2 – not part of the course)
Keep it or delete outlier? à judgement call
- Only observations that truly deviate can be considered outliers
- Removing many outliers can jeopardize representativeness

Examining missing data:
Missing data lead to:
- Reduced sample size
- Possibly biased outcome if missing data process not random à 4 step approach for
identification and remedying



Steps in missing data analysis:

,1. Determine type of missing data: ignorable ß à non-ignorable missing?
2. Determine extent (%) of missing data: by variable, case, overall
3. Diagnose randomness of missing data: systematic, missing at random (MAR), missing
completely at random (MCAR)?
a. Are non-ignorable missing:
i. Systematic = linked to level of variable itself, another pattern?
ii. Missing at random (MAR) = whether Y is missing depends on level of X. Yet,
within level of X: missing at random
iii. Missing completely at random (MCAR) = whether Y is missing is truly
‘random’ (independent of Y or of any other variable X)
4. Deal with the missing data problem: remove cases or variables with missing values, use
imputation

, Week 1 – ANOVA (Dependence method)
ANOVA is a dependent method because we are looking for causal relationship. Minimum variable is
on nominal scale. Outcome variable to be metric, input variables are non-metric.

1. Defining objectives
a. Test whether treatments (categorical variables) lead to different levels for a (set of)
metric outcome variable.
i. Does online ad design, in particular: position of picture and logo, affect the
click-through rate?

Voordelen van het kopen van samenvattingen bij Stuvia op een rij:

Verzekerd van kwaliteit door reviews

Verzekerd van kwaliteit door reviews

Stuvia-klanten hebben meer dan 700.000 samenvattingen beoordeeld. Zo weet je zeker dat je de beste documenten koopt!

Snel en makkelijk kopen

Snel en makkelijk kopen

Je betaalt supersnel en eenmalig met iDeal, creditcard of Stuvia-tegoed voor de samenvatting. Zonder lidmaatschap.

Focus op de essentie

Focus op de essentie

Samenvattingen worden geschreven voor en door anderen. Daarom zijn de samenvattingen altijd betrouwbaar en actueel. Zo kom je snel tot de kern!

Veelgestelde vragen

Wat krijg ik als ik dit document koop?

Je krijgt een PDF, die direct beschikbaar is na je aankoop. Het gekochte document is altijd, overal en oneindig toegankelijk via je profiel.

Tevredenheidsgarantie: hoe werkt dat?

Onze tevredenheidsgarantie zorgt ervoor dat je altijd een studiedocument vindt dat goed bij je past. Je vult een formulier in en onze klantenservice regelt de rest.

Van wie koop ik deze samenvatting?

Stuvia is een marktplaats, je koop dit document dus niet van ons, maar van verkoper birgit_brinks. Stuvia faciliteert de betaling aan de verkoper.

Zit ik meteen vast aan een abonnement?

Nee, je koopt alleen deze samenvatting voor €5,99. Je zit daarna nergens aan vast.

Is Stuvia te vertrouwen?

4,6 sterren op Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)

Afgelopen 30 dagen zijn er 79202 samenvattingen verkocht

Opgericht in 2010, al 14 jaar dé plek om samenvattingen te kopen

Start met verkopen
€5,99
  • (0)
  Kopen