This is a detailed summary of 2.3C History and Methods of Psychology block that will help you succeed on your exam. Notes are clearly written and everything from the tutorials is there. A lot of my friends studied from my summary which helped them get a 9 as well. Remember repetition is key and goo...
Carried by the soul from its vision of the Forms and its lives in previous
incarnations (existences)
learning is a process of recollecting to consciousness what we already
know
Rationalist
Use logical reasoning to gain knowledge
knowledge of Forms is universal explained through reasoning
e.g., Pythagoras’ theorem is obtained through logical argument rather
than observation
Dualist
2 worlds
1. Early Roots of Psychology 2
, World of Forms (perfect, ideal version, intelligible world)
Consists of ideas / forms (real knowledge)
These are universals known by reason
These shapes arise from reasoning from previous knowledge, such as
abstract definitions of mathematics
you cannot touch or grab
“Realm of being”
Materialistic world (world of appearances, world of opinion)
Observable copies of Forms
Observation is contaminated by individual differences & cultural
preconception
the world of opinion is made up of changing particulars of the material
world, conveyed by our senses
However our senses are not accurate, so the body prevents us from
gaining knowledge
“Realm of becoming”
💡 You can only gain REAL knowledge (FORMS) from the Intelligible world
(known by reason)
Epistemology
Study of knowledge
Found by Plato
Truth VS Knowledge
Knowledge is the knowledge of truth
When truth becomes known ➡️ it becomes knowledge
Truth
1. Early Roots of Psychology 3
, according to Plato, truth & hence our knowledge of it has 2 defining
characteristics
1st
a belief is true (is knowledge) if it’s true in all times & all places
2nd
knowledge has to be rationally justifiable
don’t know truth unless you can explain your judgements & convince
others it’s correct
JTB
Justified, True, Belief
Plato’s Forms
In maths, Plato found a path to Truth & nature of Truth itself
Mathematical theories are Provable & therefore True ➡️
supported by Logical
Argument rather than observation & measurement eg. Pythagorean theorem
💡 Forms are more real than their observable copies because they are
ETERNAL
Forms
belong to the realm of Being, subsisting (surviving) eternally
while their material but ephemeral (short-lived) copies belong to the realm of
Becoming
exist as nonphysical objects: more real than their observable copies bc
they’re eternal, existing outside the physical realm of Becoming
they are emphatically (clearly) not just private thoughts, but exist outside the
human mind as fixed, universal objects of thought
sensory perception is the result of the interaction between pure form & matter
➡️ bc matter changes continuously, the result of this interaction is less perfect
1. Early Roots of Psychology 4
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