This document contains my notes of the lecture on 'teams' (given on the 27th of octobre 2023), my notes of my workgroup meeting (which was given by the course coordinator) and an summary of ALL the mandatory literature of this week.
WEEK 2
Teams
Inhoud
Lecture 2 (27-10-2023).....................................................................................................................................2
Romance of teams........................................................................................................................................3
What is a team? What is a real team?..........................................................................................................4
Teaming........................................................................................................................................................6
Effective teamwork.......................................................................................................................................8
How to improve team performance.............................................................................................................9
Workgroup meeting........................................................................................................................................11
Assignment 2..........................................................................................................................................11
Preparation before attending the workgroup.....................................................................................11
During the workgroup part 1..............................................................................................................14
During the workgroup part 2..............................................................................................................15
Literature........................................................................................................................................................16
SUMMARIES...................................................................................................................................................17
I. Lemieux-Charles & McGuire (2006). What do we know about health care team effectiveness?.............17
The Integrated (Health Care) Team Effectiveness Model (ITEM).............................................................18
II. Lyubovnikova, et al (2014). 24-Karat or fool’s gold? Consequences of real team and co-acting group
membership in healthcare organizations....................................................................................................21
The 3 characteristics of real team membership......................................................................................21
III. Benishek & Lazzara (2019). Teams in a new era: some considerations and implications.......................25
Real vs. Pseudo teams.............................................................................................................................25
The core characteristics of teams...........................................................................................................26
Membership........................................................................................................................................26
Interdependence................................................................................................................................26
Shared goals / responsibility for outcomes.........................................................................................27
Team Dynamics...................................................................................................................................27
Team Boundaries................................................................................................................................28
Embedded in a larger entity................................................................................................................28
Romance of teams
Slide 10
Why are teams important in healthcare?
The main aspect is ‘synergy’1 (1+1=3). Teamwork is necessary to provide care:
Complex nature of medicine
Increasing chronic diseases and multimorbidity
Specialization / task differentiation
Combining technical and non-technical skills; but a plus side about teamwork is not that it is
necessary, it also mobilizes different types of knowledge.
Providing 24h care
Also: there is a certain social appeal to teamwork, it is desirable to work together.
Slide 11 + 12
The urgency to improve teamwork in healthcare:
Link between lack of teamwork and preventable events
Important of training
Good teamwork is linked to less adverse events. But also: improving team-behavior will increase quality and
safety of care.
Slide 13. Added value of teams
There are different levels in which teamwork can have an impact:
Individual level Team level Organizational level
- Stress - Learning - Quality & Safety of care
- Job satisfaction - Errors - Effective use of resources
- Well-being - HR outcomes: sick leave, staff turnover
- Intension to leave - Financial
- Patient satisfaction
Slide 15
Romance of teams:
There was a strong believe that teams will lead to better outcomes. However, there was no (strong)
evidence whether this is also applicable for particular settings or tasks.
Often a group is labeled as a team, without there being team characteristics present. The expectation is
then that the labeling is enough to reach better outcomes.
Introducing teamwork for all tasks.
Often, the romance of teams was made stronger, because mental state (‘I feel more confident’, ‘we are
doing a good job’) was often perceived as performance. This leads to the question: what is a (real)
team?
1
Synergy = the interaction of elements that when combined produce a total effect that is greater than the sum of the
individual elements/contributions.
3
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