Samenvatting
Summary handbook European Labour Law and Social Policy
- Instelling
- Tilburg University (UVT)
Summary of all the chapters of the handbook of the course European Laobur Law and Social Policy.
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Voorbeeld 4 van de 50 pagina's
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Voorbeeld van de inhoud
Chapter 1 – Concept and developmentEU: provisional structure “this treaty marks a new stage in the process of creating an ever closer
union among the peoples of Europe”
= European integration through state forming or even federalism
EU: multitiered governance (= multilevel constitutional system) remain sovereign nation states
decision-making is shared by multiple tiers transfer of MS authority to the union level becomes
increasingly embedded in a complex institutional environment that cannot easily be described in
terms of interstate bargaining.
EU: system of shared political authority over social policy, though one that is far more decentralized
than the arrangements of traditional federal states predominant position of MS distinguished EU
from traditional federal systems
EU: principle of limited special authorization no competences like a MS / shared competences (in
social policy)
A. Identifying EU labour law and Social policy
EU LL concerned with the social dimension of European integration European integration is
focused on the realisation of the internal market (for economic purposes) eco + soc integration go
hand in hand
1972 Paris Declaration
Schism (tension) between eco + soc dimension
EU LL plurality of positions in EU law
Social policy supported by partial or incomplete strategies of regulation and minimum
harmonisation.
Internal market policy supported by a de-regulatory agenda
Employment policy follows governance mechanisms and open methods of coordination, in
focusing on eco growth, a better functioning of the labour market, promoting adaptability and
economic competitiveness
globalisation & European integration have higher relevancy of European action. Due to specific
dynamics in the EU legal and policy order that may increase the problem of coherence between LL
Social policy = government action concerned with establishing and maintaining the welfare state for
the benefit of its citizens MS affairs
in EU: social policy issues might be addressed for other purposes or with other ideologies than in a
given state where they have deep roots. Essential aspects of LL + SP are excluded from the social
chapter of the TFEU.
social policy as social regulation with the aim to level the conditions of the market concerned
with economic and market policies
LL is a result of social policy initiative. SP constitutes the origin of LL
EU LL can’t easily be divided into categories (individual / collective LL) like in national legal systems
, B. A legal order in progress
Development EU process of integration, currently incomplete and still in progress United states
of Europe
EU law is supreme > supranational nature + division competences between states and the union
own institutions, own personality, own legal capacity and capacity of representation on the
international plan, real powers stemming from a limitation of sovereignty, transfer of powers from
states to community.
Schuman Declaration launch a process of European unification organized and living Europe can
bring civilization that is indispensable to the maintenance of peaceful relations + Europe will not be
made in once
aimed to bring a profound change in the minds of people + marking a decisive starting point for
European integration
EU integration: process was initiated step by step, departing from economic purposes
EEC – treaty of Rome 1957 common market/ eco integration => (neo) functionalism
Jean Monnet method = spill-over effect in European integration = integration in one field of policy
would necessitate cooperation in other policy areas, but always on the basis gradualism, legitimacy
and democracy
EU remains a unique structure with familiar state categories = classical way of removing the mist
But also: state forming / federalism
Eu: multidimensional> degree of integration may vary depending on the policy area /
governance of the EU is composed of coexisting policy models
C. Triple paradox
Triple dilemma:
1. Division of responsibilities between state & EU
2. Conceptualization of EU LL
> symbiosis of national LL and EU LL + context of this law. LL in EU is often regarded as a
result of social policy initiative
> plurality of positions: LL is subject to social policy, internal market and employment policy
Social policy = regulates minimum harmonisation
Internal market policy = de-regulatory and affects LL
Employment policy = eco growth, efficient labour markets, jobs, competitiveness, flexicurity
3. EU LL may not always be seen as law
> employment policy delivers soft law strategies such as open method of coordination
=> new models of governance instead of law
D. Historical development of EU LL & SP
,ECSC first attempt towards common European policy common market for coal and steel,
contribute to eco expansion, growth of employment and rising standard of living => combining eco
and soc objectives.
Treaty of Rome 1957 EEC
1. Market rights as motivators of social rights
Treaties aimed at creation of eco community of states. The other policy areas would only come from
the spill-over effect of eco integration.
Social Action Programme take measures towards realising priorities (full employment,
improvement and harmonisation of living and working conditions, involvement of management and
labour in eco and soc decision-making) Golden period of harmonisation limited LL legislation
• Directive equal pay
• Directive collective redundancies
• Directive equal treatment men women regarding employment & working conditions
• Directive transfer of undertaking
• Directive equality men women SS
• directive insolvability employer
• directives health & safety
Gap between ambition and reality
but essential to ensure coherence of social and other community policies so measures taken will
achieve the objectives of social and other policies simultaneously (spill-over effect)
EcJ using doctrines of direct and horizontal effect, treaty articles which could originally be seen as
market ordering principles, become strong motors of social rights
2. towards socially acceptable economic integration
1980’s: quest for more flexibility and deregulatory focus
address the issues of decreasing eco growth and rising unemployment neo-liberal ideologies of
deregulation clashed with social democratic viewpoints
Commission Presidency of Jacques Delors: strong emphasis on social policy : L’Europe sociale
Single European Act, 1986: improve the economic and social situation by extending common policies
and pursuing new objectives new competences were included to take initiative in the area of
health and safety + confirmed MS national sovereignty over rights and interests of employed persons
1989, EU parliament: resolution on the social dimension of the single market adoption at
community level of the fundamental social rights which should not be jeopardized because of the
pressure of competition or the search for increased competitiveness, and could be taken as the basis
for the dialogue between management and labour + expressed need for social dimension of internal
market implementing concrete measures
1989: 11/12 MS adopted Community Charter (not legally binding) renewed and social rights based
view on European integration. - followed by action programme
1991: Maastricht Agreement : Social Protocol : 11/12 MS could pursue social policies on the
conditions in the social policy agreement role for social partners in EU legislative process +
, conclude EU wide collective agreements on voluntary basis
later incorporated in EC treaty via the Amsterdam Treaty, now in TFEU
defending socially acceptable economic integration
European tradition of inclusion of unions and workers’ interests in the shaping of industrial
relations and political regulations in general.
Art. 151 TFEU: goal of harmonisation functioning of internal market will favour the harmonisation
of social systems European measures hall take account of the diverse forms of national practices
& the need to maintain the competitiveness of the union’s economy. EU LL for harmonisation at a
minimum level of protection
social development requires positive regulation
3. Towards economically acceptable social integration
a. Green paper on European Social Policy – 1993
> new look at the links between eco and soc policies, both at national and at EU level
concern for the reconciliation of LL and labour markets with eco objectives
issue of labour market adaptability (flexicurity)
discussion social protection systems + greater efficiency
EU is characterised by its capacity to combine wealth creation with enhanced benefits and
freedoms for its people
first seen as socially acceptable economic integration, now economically acceptable social
integration
b. White paper on growth, competitiveness and employment – 1993
> economy came back on centre stage
analysis weakness of European economies
discussion between governments and social partners
issue of employment: economy can provide the necessary pointers provide broad guidelines
which have a predominantly economic basis
balanced approach of soc an eco integration is underlying idea
LL and labour markets needed modernisation labour market is inflexible + problems with
specific institutional, legal circumstances in each MS
Flexicurity > need for internal and external flexibility with training and labour market mobility
Attention at training, insiders/outsiders problem, active labour market policies, adjustment of
income guarantee mechanisms
c. White paper on European social policy – 1994
approach to next phase of social policy development + strategy for consolidating and developing
the union’s action on social policy
specific measures > concrete progress achieved in short term
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