aqa a level history component 2t the crisis of com
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AQA A-LEVEL HISTORY Component 2T The Crisis of Communism: the USSR and the Soviet
Empire, 1953–2000 JUNE 2023 QP
A-level
HISTORY
Component 2T The Crisis of Communism: the USSR and the
Soviet Empire, 1953–2000
Friday 9 June 2023 Afternoon Time allowed: 2 hours 30 minutes
Materials
For this paper you must have:
• an AQA 16-page answer book.
Instructions
• Use black ink or black ball-point pen.
• Write the information required on the front of your answer book. The Paper Reference is
7042/2T.
• Answer three questions.
In Section A answer Question 01.
In Section B answer two questions.
Information
• The marks for questions are shown in brackets.
• The maximum mark for this paper is 80.
• You will be marked on your ability to:
– use good English
– organise information clearly
– use specialist vocabulary where appropriate.
Advice
• You are advised to spend about:
– 1 hour on Question 01 from Section A
– 45 minutes on each of the two questions answered from Section B.
, 2
IB/M/Jun23/E7 7042/2T
Section A
Answer Question 01.
Source A
From the memoirs of Bolshakov, published in Pravda, February 1989. Bolshakov was
an intelligence officer in the Soviet Embassy in Havana at the time of the 1962 Cuban
Missile Crisis.
The events of October 1962 were the first and, fortunately, only nuclear crisis in our
history, a moment of fear and illumination. Nikita Khrushchev, John Kennedy,
Fidel Castro and the whole of mankind felt that for the first time they were in the same
boat at the epicentre of a nuclear abyss. Some thought that the causes of the crisis were
military. By deploying missiles in Cuba the USSR was, they reckon, trying to correct the 5
imbalance in the number of nuclear warheads with the USA, which, so they claimed, was
something like 15:1 or 17:1 in the USA’s favour at that time. Others put forward political
reasons: the USA’s intention to destroy the Republic of Cuba, and the USSR’s desire to
consolidate the position of the socialist camp on the American continent. I myself think
that the Cuban crisis was primarily a failure of trust – between states and leaders.
10
Source B
From a confidential letter written by Nikita Khrushchev to US President JF Kennedy, 30
October 1962.
We have received from you a promise that you will not invade Cuba and will not allow
others to do so. We, on this condition, will remove from Cuba the weapons that you call
aggressive. On the basis of this compromise and mutual concessions, the problem
seems to have been resolved. We realised the seriousness of the issue, looked beyond
self-interest and have achieved mutual satisfaction. No doubt, there will be those that will 5
be displeased, who will say harsh and unfair things about our agreement. No doubt, they
will look closely at the detail to try to find out whether the USSR gave greater concessions
to the USA or vice versa. Yet, I would say that we both gave way to reason and found a
sensible resolution, which dealt with the problem and will ensure peace for all, including
those who will try to find fault and be critical. 10
IB/M/Jun23/7042/2
T
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