Topic Organizations in the Media
Samenvatting artikelen
Lecture 1
Comparing Public and Private Organizations – Rainey,
Backoff, Levine
Management in all types of organizations should be views as a generic process, but there are
significant differences between public and private organisation and these differences have
implications for management training and practice.
General reasons to approach the subject of public-private comparisons carefully, and to avoid
premature dismissal of its significance:
1. Normative, Prescriptive Implications: There are widely discussed concerns over whether various
aspects of the convergence of the two sectors are good or bad.
2. Implications for Knowledge and Understanding: prescriptions will be no better than our
understanding of the phenomena.
3. Theoretical Implications: Involves basic issues in effort to systematize knowledge about
organizations and management.
Approaches to Classification and Definition
No approach can succeed in drawing a clear line between the two sectors. There is a “blurring” or
convergence of the sectors.
Findings
The points of consensus are grouped into several categories:
1. Environmental factors
Factors that are external to organizations, and are largely out of their control
a. Market exposure
b. Legal and Formal Constraints
c. Political Influences
2. Organization-Environment Transactions
a. Coerciveness
b. Nature of Policy Impacts
c. Public Scrutiny
d. Public Expectations’
e. Nature of Goods Produced
3. Internal Structures and Processes
a. Objectives and Evaluation Criteria
b. Hierarchical Authority and the Role of the Administrator
c. Performance Characteristics
d. Incentives
e. Individual Differences
,Under What Conditions Do the News Media Influence
Corporate Reputation? The Roles of Media Dependency
and Need for Orientation – Einwiller, Carroll & Korn
Introduction
The function of media relations is often part of the strategy that organizations use for building their
reputations.
Result provide that media effects on corporate reputation are not uniform and vary in context and
degree. Thus, the question becomes under what conditions do the news media influence the public’s
perceptions of corporate reputation? One explanation lies in the differentiated information needs
and interests of corporate stakeholders who evaluate the importance of a firm’s attributes differently.
Drawing on media system dependency theory and need for orientation, we argue that stakeholders
are more dependent on the news media to learn about those attributes of a firm’s reputation that are
important to them and on which they feel the need to gain information compared to those that they
find less important.
Stakeholders also depend more on the news media to learn about aspects that are difficult to directly
experience or observe (eg, corporate strategy or social responsibility). These are called ‘unobtrusive’
aspects.
Theoretical Framework
Corporate reputation
“assessments of particular attributes or collective knowledge about or recognition of a firm”. Two
dimensions: Stakeholders’ perceptions of quality for specific attributes evaluated in the context of the
firm and the degree to which the firm receives large-scale collective recognition.
Hierarchy of Effects
Learning hierarchy model (Ray – 1973) for high involvement products the consumer is obligated to
enter into a learning process of first thinking (cognition) then feeling (affect) before acting (behaviour)
in order to make a satisfying choice. Applying this to corporate reputation, we postulate a hierarchy
of effect in a way that the cognitive reputation dimensions precede and influence the affective
dimensions, which in turn can have impact on a person’s behavioural intention and behaviour. The
affective dimension is generally important for eliciting a behavioural response.
Contingent Conditions of the News Media’s Influence on
Reputation
Two theoretical perspective that explain contingent media influences on corporate reputation are
media system dependency theory and need for orientation.
Media system dependency theory
--> proposes an integral relationship among audiences, the news media and the larger social an
economic system.
,Dependency A relationship in which the satisfaction of needs or the attainment of goals by one
party is contingent upon the resources of another party
Need for orientation
--> Indiviuals’ need for orientation affects the influence of media salience.
A high level of interest in the subject of message coupled with a high level of uncertainty regarding
this subject produces a strong need for orientation.
Certainly individuals’ levels of relevance or uncertainty could independently predict individuals’
information seeking about companies’ behaviour or stances on issues, but combining the two
variables into a single construct offers theoretical parsimony with a wide range of applications.
, General Discussions and Conclusion
- Only information about a firm for which individuals depend on the news media to learn
about has influence on stakeholders’ evaluations of the firm
- Individuals are dependent on the news media to learn about firms’ social and environmental
responsibility
Legitimacy in Organizational Institutionalism --
deephouse and suchman
The Evolution of Organizational Legitimacy
Over the years, the conceptualization and explication of organizational legitimacy has displayed
substantial elasticity.
The development of legitimacy theory in organizational
institutionalism
Weber guy who introduced legitimacy into sociological theory and thus into organization studies.
Weber discussed the importance of social practice being oriented to ‘maxims’ or rules and suggest
that legitimacy can result from conformity with both general social norms and formal laws. Parsons
applied this idea and viewed legitimacy as congruence of an organization with social laws, norms and
values.
Meyer & Scott Cognitive aspects – explanation, theorization, and the incomprehensibility of
alternatives.
Dimensions of legitimacy
Stryker behavioural consent to rules, attitudinal approval of rules, and cognitive orientation to
rules.
Samenvatting artikelen
Lecture 1
Comparing Public and Private Organizations – Rainey,
Backoff, Levine
Management in all types of organizations should be views as a generic process, but there are
significant differences between public and private organisation and these differences have
implications for management training and practice.
General reasons to approach the subject of public-private comparisons carefully, and to avoid
premature dismissal of its significance:
1. Normative, Prescriptive Implications: There are widely discussed concerns over whether various
aspects of the convergence of the two sectors are good or bad.
2. Implications for Knowledge and Understanding: prescriptions will be no better than our
understanding of the phenomena.
3. Theoretical Implications: Involves basic issues in effort to systematize knowledge about
organizations and management.
Approaches to Classification and Definition
No approach can succeed in drawing a clear line between the two sectors. There is a “blurring” or
convergence of the sectors.
Findings
The points of consensus are grouped into several categories:
1. Environmental factors
Factors that are external to organizations, and are largely out of their control
a. Market exposure
b. Legal and Formal Constraints
c. Political Influences
2. Organization-Environment Transactions
a. Coerciveness
b. Nature of Policy Impacts
c. Public Scrutiny
d. Public Expectations’
e. Nature of Goods Produced
3. Internal Structures and Processes
a. Objectives and Evaluation Criteria
b. Hierarchical Authority and the Role of the Administrator
c. Performance Characteristics
d. Incentives
e. Individual Differences
,Under What Conditions Do the News Media Influence
Corporate Reputation? The Roles of Media Dependency
and Need for Orientation – Einwiller, Carroll & Korn
Introduction
The function of media relations is often part of the strategy that organizations use for building their
reputations.
Result provide that media effects on corporate reputation are not uniform and vary in context and
degree. Thus, the question becomes under what conditions do the news media influence the public’s
perceptions of corporate reputation? One explanation lies in the differentiated information needs
and interests of corporate stakeholders who evaluate the importance of a firm’s attributes differently.
Drawing on media system dependency theory and need for orientation, we argue that stakeholders
are more dependent on the news media to learn about those attributes of a firm’s reputation that are
important to them and on which they feel the need to gain information compared to those that they
find less important.
Stakeholders also depend more on the news media to learn about aspects that are difficult to directly
experience or observe (eg, corporate strategy or social responsibility). These are called ‘unobtrusive’
aspects.
Theoretical Framework
Corporate reputation
“assessments of particular attributes or collective knowledge about or recognition of a firm”. Two
dimensions: Stakeholders’ perceptions of quality for specific attributes evaluated in the context of the
firm and the degree to which the firm receives large-scale collective recognition.
Hierarchy of Effects
Learning hierarchy model (Ray – 1973) for high involvement products the consumer is obligated to
enter into a learning process of first thinking (cognition) then feeling (affect) before acting (behaviour)
in order to make a satisfying choice. Applying this to corporate reputation, we postulate a hierarchy
of effect in a way that the cognitive reputation dimensions precede and influence the affective
dimensions, which in turn can have impact on a person’s behavioural intention and behaviour. The
affective dimension is generally important for eliciting a behavioural response.
Contingent Conditions of the News Media’s Influence on
Reputation
Two theoretical perspective that explain contingent media influences on corporate reputation are
media system dependency theory and need for orientation.
Media system dependency theory
--> proposes an integral relationship among audiences, the news media and the larger social an
economic system.
,Dependency A relationship in which the satisfaction of needs or the attainment of goals by one
party is contingent upon the resources of another party
Need for orientation
--> Indiviuals’ need for orientation affects the influence of media salience.
A high level of interest in the subject of message coupled with a high level of uncertainty regarding
this subject produces a strong need for orientation.
Certainly individuals’ levels of relevance or uncertainty could independently predict individuals’
information seeking about companies’ behaviour or stances on issues, but combining the two
variables into a single construct offers theoretical parsimony with a wide range of applications.
, General Discussions and Conclusion
- Only information about a firm for which individuals depend on the news media to learn
about has influence on stakeholders’ evaluations of the firm
- Individuals are dependent on the news media to learn about firms’ social and environmental
responsibility
Legitimacy in Organizational Institutionalism --
deephouse and suchman
The Evolution of Organizational Legitimacy
Over the years, the conceptualization and explication of organizational legitimacy has displayed
substantial elasticity.
The development of legitimacy theory in organizational
institutionalism
Weber guy who introduced legitimacy into sociological theory and thus into organization studies.
Weber discussed the importance of social practice being oriented to ‘maxims’ or rules and suggest
that legitimacy can result from conformity with both general social norms and formal laws. Parsons
applied this idea and viewed legitimacy as congruence of an organization with social laws, norms and
values.
Meyer & Scott Cognitive aspects – explanation, theorization, and the incomprehensibility of
alternatives.
Dimensions of legitimacy
Stryker behavioural consent to rules, attitudinal approval of rules, and cognitive orientation to
rules.
