100% tevredenheidsgarantie Direct beschikbaar na betaling Zowel online als in PDF Je zit nergens aan vast
logo-home
Summary Organization Theory €5,99   In winkelwagen

Samenvatting

Summary Organization Theory

 4 keer bekeken  0 keer verkocht

This is an English summary of each theory that is explained in the course 'Organization Theory' in the school year.

Voorbeeld 3 van de 25  pagina's

  • 11 december 2023
  • 25
  • 2023/2024
  • Samenvatting
Alle documenten voor dit vak (5)
avatar-seller
Merel04
Organization Theory summarized

What is Organization Theory – HC1
Goal interdependence = the extent into which the achievement of a goal is hindered or
facilitated by other goals.
Positive goal interdependence = the achievement of goal A facilitates the realization of goal
B.
Negative goal interdependence = the achievement of goal A hinders the realization of goal B.

Integrative view = add up humans, division of power, teams, departments, business unites,
projects, management, etc. you have a full organization + synergetic effects.
Focused view = understand, in detail humans, division of power, teams, departments,
business unites, projects, management, etc. you can better understand the full organization.

Organization and Theory – HC2
Organizations:
1. Are social entities that
2. Are goal-directed
3. Are designed as deliberately structured and coordinated activity systems, and
4. Are linked to distinct external environments.

Theory = set of interrelated concepts, definitions and propositions that explain or predict
events or situations by specifying relations among variables.

Whetten
A theory consists of a set of concepts (what) and the relationships that tie them together
(how) into an explanation of the phenomenon of interest (why)
 Builds on a set of assumptions that form the foundation for a series of logically
interrelated claims.

Sutton & Staw – what theory is not
A theory is a combination of hypotheses, concepts, data, diagrams and references. On their
own it’s not theory.

General about theories
How can organizations organize their interaction with their environment? Inter-organization
theories (TCT, RDT, BTF)
- TCT: how to manage transactions?
- RDT: how to manage resource dependence?
- BTF: how do individuals/groups within an organization make decisions and behave?

Question 2: how do organizations set goals?
Goal setting Theory

Question 3: how do institutions, both formal and informal, influence organizational behavior
and structure?
Neo Institutional Theory

,Question 4: how do environmental pressures select in or out populations of organizations?
Organizational Ecology Theory

Question 5: when do (departments/teams in) organizations compete, and when do
organizations collaborate?
Social Interdependence Theory (SIT), Inter-Organizational Theories (IOT)

Transaction Cost Theory (TCT) – HC3 & 4
Transactions = economic exchange.
Organizations attempt to maximize the gains of interdependence by assigning transactions to
governance structures in a discriminating way. Based on three key attributes: asset
specificity, uncertainty, and frequency.

Appropriability = the degree to which an economic actor can protect its knowledge from
leakage to other parties.

Background: free market, but is it transparent and is all information available?

Why do organizations exist? Because the use of the market (mechanism) is not for free. In
many cases: costs of using markets > costs of using organizations. Therefore, there are
transaction costs.

Kind of transaction costs:
- Search costs: to identify potential partners;
- Contracting costs: negotiations;
- Monitoring costs: fulfillment of agreed terms;
- Enforcement costs: sanctioning.
 Through legal contracts

Basic assertion of TCT: markets and hierarchies are alternative ways to organize transactions
= governance structures.
Unit of analysis of TCT: economic transactions (= a cost incurred in making an economic
exchange).
Dependent variable (what): organization of transactions, i.e. choice of governance structure.

How?
Uncertainty, frequency, asset specificity  choice of governance structure. Each have a
positive relationship on choice of governance structure.

Assumptions
- Bounded rationality: decision-making is limited by cognitive constraints  time,
information and cognitive capacity
- Opportunism: self-interest seeking with guile. Selfish, unprincipled and inconsiderate
behavior. The more specific the assets, the more likely opportunistic behavior will
occur.

,  these are a problem when there is uncertainty and when asset-specific
investments are required in a transactions.

What: governance structure  an institutional arrangement that coordinates and controls
economic transactions between actors. Governance mechanisms are combined:
- Allocation of decision-making (who gets ownership, right to change goods).
- Pricing schemes (lump sum, input or output-pricing).
- Coordination, monitoring and control (planning, budgets, personal monitoring).
 combination is a governance structure




Basic governance structures
- Market: exchanges between parties are governed by prices in supply-demand
equilibrium
- Hybrid: long-term contractual relations that preserve autonomy, but provide added
transaction-specific safeguards as compared with the market.
- Hierarchy: transactions among parties occur under a unified owner, who settles
disputes by administrative fiat (in a formal organization).

Asset specificity = transaction specific investments. The possibilities of alternative use of
investments:
- High = low asset specificity. A truck is an investment which can be used multiple times
and therefor the asset specificity is low.
- Low = high asset specificity. Specific investments that brings a power position and
might trigger opportunism. To make sure that doesn’t happen costs goes up and to
make this less hierarchy is introduced

An asset is specific to a particular transaction if its value in its next-best use is lower than in
the present transaction. The greater the difference between the value of an asset in its first-
best and next-best use, the greater the degree of asset specificity.

Voordelen van het kopen van samenvattingen bij Stuvia op een rij:

Verzekerd van kwaliteit door reviews

Verzekerd van kwaliteit door reviews

Stuvia-klanten hebben meer dan 700.000 samenvattingen beoordeeld. Zo weet je zeker dat je de beste documenten koopt!

Snel en makkelijk kopen

Snel en makkelijk kopen

Je betaalt supersnel en eenmalig met iDeal, creditcard of Stuvia-tegoed voor de samenvatting. Zonder lidmaatschap.

Focus op de essentie

Focus op de essentie

Samenvattingen worden geschreven voor en door anderen. Daarom zijn de samenvattingen altijd betrouwbaar en actueel. Zo kom je snel tot de kern!

Veelgestelde vragen

Wat krijg ik als ik dit document koop?

Je krijgt een PDF, die direct beschikbaar is na je aankoop. Het gekochte document is altijd, overal en oneindig toegankelijk via je profiel.

Tevredenheidsgarantie: hoe werkt dat?

Onze tevredenheidsgarantie zorgt ervoor dat je altijd een studiedocument vindt dat goed bij je past. Je vult een formulier in en onze klantenservice regelt de rest.

Van wie koop ik deze samenvatting?

Stuvia is een marktplaats, je koop dit document dus niet van ons, maar van verkoper Merel04. Stuvia faciliteert de betaling aan de verkoper.

Zit ik meteen vast aan een abonnement?

Nee, je koopt alleen deze samenvatting voor €5,99. Je zit daarna nergens aan vast.

Is Stuvia te vertrouwen?

4,6 sterren op Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)

Afgelopen 30 dagen zijn er 73918 samenvattingen verkocht

Opgericht in 2010, al 14 jaar dé plek om samenvattingen te kopen

Start met verkopen
€5,99
  • (0)
  Kopen