Samenvatting

Summary Contract and Tort Law - Lecture, Working Group and Exam Prep Notes

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RGPPR50205 (RGPPR50205)

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Rijksuniversiteit Groningen (RuG)

This document contains all necessary information gathered from Contract and Tort law lectures, working groups and includes exam structure revision notes.

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Contract and Tort Law

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1. Samenvatting - Contract and tort law - lecture, working group and exam prep notes
2. Samenvatting - Contract and tort law case summaries
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VI.-1:101 DCFR = basic rule for when we can hold someone accountable for the damage they have

caused.

Conditions to hold someone liable: 1. caused damage intentionally/negligently/or be held otherwise

accountable for. 2. Causation effect = not necessarily direct but if it were not for your actions it would

not have happened. Legally relevant damage = Book VI, Chapter 2.

Criteria:

Legally relevant damage?

Causation?

Accountability?

- Personal accountability?

- Intention?/

- Negligence?/

- Otherwise accountable? (strict liability too)

VI.-3:101 DCFR = Intention. Two categories.

VI.-3:102 DCFR = Negligence. Two categories.

*Contract law is relevant when there is a contractual relationship between A and B.

*ALWAYS start with establishing intention => then, establish negligence (this is because having proved

intention more money is earned).

VI.-3:103 DCFR = Persons under 18. Under 18 you may be liable for causing damage by negligence

VI.-3:102 DCFR. Under 18 years of age not accountable for causing damage intentionally.

VI.3:104 DCFR = Otherwise accountable (holding parents accountable) damage caused by a minor that

would constitute intention or negligence that would be constituted as so by an adult. However this does

not apply if the child is not under 14 years of age; or if they prove they were adequately supervising

the children.

,Vi.-3:205 DCFR = Accountability for damage caused by a motor vehicle. As soon as you become a

keeper of a motor vehicle you may be accountable for the caused injury and consequential loss.

VI.-5:301 DCFR = Mental Incompetence: lacking sufficient insight into the nature of his conduct at the

time of conduct, unless it is a temporary result of the misconduct (intoxication).

VI.-3:202 DCFR = Accountability for damage caused by the unsafe state of an immovable. Owner is

accountable if the state of the immovable does not ensure safety of a person near the immovable.

Nature, access, cost of avoiding.

VI.-3:201 DCFR = Accountability for damage caused by employees and representatives. Has to happen

in the course of the employment, intentionally/negligently.

Directive 85/374/EEC = main rule: producer is liable for damage caused by the defect of his product.

Producer, supplier, importer may be held liable. If the producer is not identified => supplier is liable.

Tort Law Lecture 2

DONOGHUNE V. STEPHENSON 1932 All ER 1

Friend => owner of the cafe = contract

Mrs. Donoghue => producer = no contractual relationship, she cannot sue the producer because she did

not pay. Mrs. Donoghue can sue her friend.

- Duty of care: you are to love your neighbour. Test for duty of care: avoiding acts of mission which you

can reasonably foresee would be likely to injure your neighbour.

, 1. Foreseeability.

2. Proximity.

3. Fair, just, and reasonable.

Product Liability EU law: Directive that states that a producer is liable for loss suffered by consumer

due to the product: property damage, personal injury. Producer is STRICTLY liable, liable without

negligence.

Examples of strict liability:

- The wind blows a tile from a roof that hits someone passing by => the owner of the house is strictly

liable.

- A dog out of the blue bites a child => owner is strictly liable.

- Child is playing in the street, kicking a ball that breaks a window => parents are strictly liable.

- A truck driver causes an accident due to fatigue => the employer is strictly liable.

Justifications for strict liability:

- victims cannot easily prove negligence.

- preventative effect (punishing employees that do not follow instruction).

- profit /advantage on the part of the owner, parent, employer (creating risk and profiting from it is

wrong).

- loss spreading capacity/insurance.

- control.

GARDE DES SCEAUX V. BANQUE POPULAIRE, CONSEIL D'ÉTATS: prisoners enjoying some liberty, they

rob bank, bank sues the ministry of justice for compensation. The court said that there was an equality

of citizens before public burdens = individuals should not be sacrificed on the altar of general interests.

The state was liable.

All victims are direct victims in terms of strict liability.

Indirect victims. If a ball hits the surface and hits something else (principle of secondary losses).

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