Summary BWR320 - EVERYTHING FOR SEM TEST 1 (2023) - COMPETENCE AND COMPELLABILITY + TYPES OF EVIDENCE
3 keer bekeken 0 keer verkocht
Vak
BWR 320 (BWR320)
Instelling
University Of Pretoria (UP)
INCLUDES:
COMPETENCE AND COMPELLABILITY (LECTURE NOTES + CASE LAW + LEGISLATION).
TYPES OF EVIDENCE - ORAL, DOCUMENTARY, SUI GENERIS, REAL (LECTURE NOTES + CASE LAW + LEGISLATION).
All witnesses are presumed competent and compellable in civil and criminal cases
- S192 CPA every person is competent and compellable to give evidence
unless excluded (Crim)
- S8 CiPEA every person is competent and compellable to give evidence
unless excluded (Civ)
Competence v compellability
- Competence the witness is lawfully qualified and able to give evidence.
- Compellable the witness is lawfully obliged to give evidence.
Competence and compellability with privilege
- A C&C witness may not refuse to enter the witness box but they can
claim privilege when the question is posed.
GENERAL PRINCIPLES
Refusal of a witness to attend proceedings
A C&C witness must attend proceedings
- Recalcitrant witness C&C witness who refuses to attend proceedings.
S189(1) CPA the court may enquire into the refusal
- The court must determine whether the person has a just excuse.
, o If the excuse is not satisfactory 2yrs or 5yrs prison (depending on
the offence).
Just excuse lawful excuses and humanly intolerable
- Kader the determination of humanly intolerable is a question of fact
o K was psychologically scarred.
o Testifying would cause him to be ostracized from his community.
- Nel v Le Roux a witness is not compelled if it is in conflict with his
constitutional rights
o Parties cannot consent to the admission of evidence from a witness
who is not C&C.
o The court must decide whether a witness is C&C by their testimony
or their observations.
WITNESSES EXCLUDED FROM GIVING EVIDENCE
Children
Not prohibited by common law / statute but approached with caution
- The prosecutor’s discretion to allow child witnesses depends on
o Availability of other witnesses.
o Seriousness of offence with which parent is charged.
Very young child can testify if:
- Appreciate the duty to tell the truth.
- Have sufficient intelligence.
- Can communicate effectively.
, Oath / affirmation for children
- Can be sworn in if the child understands the nature and religious sanctity
of the oath
o If not court must caution the child to speak the truth.
Woji v Santam Test for trustworthiness
- No requirement that a child’s testimony needs to be corroborated rather
an enquiry is needed into the child’s trustworthiness.
- Trustworthiness depends on
o Power of observation capacity of child to observe.
o Power of recollection capacity of child to remember.
o Power of narration capacity of child to understand and answer
questions.
Other factors for trustworthiness S v Herholdt
- Competency test can child understand the difference between a truth
and a lie.
Testifying against parents
- General rule children are C&C to testify against parents
o R v Zulu undesirable for children to be compelled.
Mentally disordered and intoxicated witness
S194 CPA
- Intoxicated person will only become C&C when sober.
Voordelen van het kopen van samenvattingen bij Stuvia op een rij:
Verzekerd van kwaliteit door reviews
Stuvia-klanten hebben meer dan 700.000 samenvattingen beoordeeld. Zo weet je zeker dat je de beste documenten koopt!
Snel en makkelijk kopen
Je betaalt supersnel en eenmalig met iDeal, creditcard of Stuvia-tegoed voor de samenvatting. Zonder lidmaatschap.
Focus op de essentie
Samenvattingen worden geschreven voor en door anderen. Daarom zijn de samenvattingen altijd betrouwbaar en actueel. Zo kom je snel tot de kern!
Veelgestelde vragen
Wat krijg ik als ik dit document koop?
Je krijgt een PDF, die direct beschikbaar is na je aankoop. Het gekochte document is altijd, overal en oneindig toegankelijk via je profiel.
Tevredenheidsgarantie: hoe werkt dat?
Onze tevredenheidsgarantie zorgt ervoor dat je altijd een studiedocument vindt dat goed bij je past. Je vult een formulier in en onze klantenservice regelt de rest.
Van wie koop ik deze samenvatting?
Stuvia is een marktplaats, je koop dit document dus niet van ons, maar van verkoper kiaradavey. Stuvia faciliteert de betaling aan de verkoper.
Zit ik meteen vast aan een abonnement?
Nee, je koopt alleen deze samenvatting voor €5,36. Je zit daarna nergens aan vast.
