What are the 5 steps in the Scientific Method? - ANSWER 1. Identify a problem or pose a question based on an observation.
2. Formulate a hypotheses.
3. Conduct experiments or tests the hypotheses.
4. Observe and record the results.
5. Draw a conclusion (was the hypothesis correct?).
* peer r...
What are the 5 steps in the Scientific Method? - ANSWER 1. Identify a problem or pose
a question based on an observation.
2. Formulate a hypotheses.
3. Conduct experiments or tests the hypotheses.
4. Observe and record the results.
5. Draw a conclusion (was the hypothesis correct?).
* peer review is also important.
Metric Unit deca (da): - ANSWER x 10^1
Metric Unit hecto (h): - ANSWER x 10^2
Metric Unit kilo (k): - ANSWER x 10^3
Metric Unit mega (M): - ANSWER x 10^6
Metric Unit giga (G): - ANSWER x 10^9
Metric Unit deci (d): - ANSWER x 10^-1
Metric Unit centi (c): - ANSWER x 10^-2
Metric Unit milli (m): - ANSWER x 10^-3
Metric Unit micro (µ): - ANSWER x 10^-6
Metric Unit nano (n): - ANSWER x 10^-9
Metric Unit pico (p) - ANSWER x 10^-12
What is an Independent Variable and what axis is it plotted on in a graph? - ANSWER
*The variable that acts as a control or does not change during an experiment.
*x axis
What is an Dependent Variable and what axis is it plotted on in a graph? - ANSWER
*The variable that changes in response to the independent variable. This change is
measured to determine the effect of the independent variable on the dependent
variable.
,*y axis
What are random experimental errors? - ANSWER Errors that are not consistent across
the data set.
* can result in collected data that does not seem to fit and may be wildly different from
the rest of the data, or they may result in data that is indistinguishable from the rest.
* may be the result of outside factors that are not considered variables
*referred to as noise
What are systematic experimental errors? - ANSWER An error that will show up
consistently across a sample or data set.
*may be the result of a flaw in the experiment design or instrumentation
*affects the average
*known as a bias
Chemistry lab fire hazards - ANSWER Volatile solvents:
ether, acetone, benzene
*store in open beaker or Erlenmeyer flask
*use extreme caution around sparks
* heat in fume hood with a steam bath (not on a hot plate)
Chemistry lab chemical burns - ANSWER Mineral acids and alkalis are corrosive to the
skin and eyes
*acid halides and phenols are corrosive and often toxic
Chemistry lab toxic chemicals that can be absorbed through the skin - ANSWER
dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)
nitrobenzene
Chemistry lab toxic fume inhalation - ANSWER acetyl chloride- severely irritate
membranes in the eyes, nose, throat, and lungs
benzyl chloride- eye irritation and tears
Simple microscope - ANSWER a microscope that contains only one lens
Compound microscope - ANSWER Microscope that contains two or more lenses to
increase total magnification (usually 3 lenses)
*multiply each magnification to obtain total magnification
Accuracy of balances - ANSWER Most accurate- Electronic
triple- beam
Least- Spring balance
Chromotography - ANSWER Is the separation of a mobile phase carrying a mixture that
moves in contact with a selectively absorbent stationary phase.
,Analyte - ANSWER The substance or chemical being analyzed or detected in a
specimen
reagent - ANSWER a chemical agent for use in chemical reactions
centrifuge - ANSWER an apparatus that uses centrifugal force to separate particles
from a suspension
Heterogeneous mixture - ANSWER A mixture in which different materials can be
distinguished easily
precipitate - ANSWER A solid that forms and settles out of a liquid mixture
supernatant - ANSWER liquid above the precipitate that remains after centrifugation
that can be removed from the precipitate with a pipet- also called centrifugate
Spectrophotometry - ANSWER An analytical method for identifying a substance by its
selective absorption of different wavelengths of light.
Electrophoresis - ANSWER A technique for separating macromolecules (proteins, RNA,
DNA) on a gel using an electric field.
Calorimetry - ANSWER The measurement of heat flow (into or out of a system) as the
result of a chemical reaction or physical process.
Titration - ANSWER a measured amount of a solution of unknown concentration is
added to a known volume of a second solution until the reaction between them is just
complete
Charles Robert Darwin - ANSWER Author of "On the Origin of Species" and founder of
modern evolution theory. Natural Selection, natural change, gradual change, and
common descent
*d.1882
Anton van Leeuwnhoek - ANSWER made his own lenses
found unicellular organisms
cell theory (all cells come from preexisting cells)
*d. 1723
Carl Linnaeus - ANSWER "Father of Taxonomy"; established his classification of living
things; famous for animal naming system of binomial nomenclature
*d. 1778
Barbara McClintock - ANSWER Nobel Prize winner who found that genes could jump
from one place on chromosome to another
, Created the first genetic map for maize
*d. 1992
Gregor Johann Mendel - ANSWER Austrian monk, and botanist who proved the
existence of dominant and recessive characteristics in living things (pea plants).
"Father of Genetics"
*d. 1884
James Watson and Francis Crick - ANSWER Co-discovered the double helix structure
of DNA in which two strands were wound around each other--led to discovery of how
DNA is replicated.
*d. 2004
Mean - ANSWER Average (sum of a list of numbers divided by the number of numbers)
Median - ANSWER Middle Number
Mode - ANSWER Most common
Range - ANSWER Distance between highest and lowest scores in a set of data.
Regression analysis - ANSWER Measures the impact of a set of variables on another
variable
Standard deviation - ANSWER A statistical measure of how far away each value is, on
average, from the mean.
*determines the confidence one can have in their conclusions
eukaryotic cell - ANSWER A type of cell with a membrane-enclosed nucleus and
membrane-enclosed organelles. Examples of organisms with these cells are protists,
plants, fungi, and animals.
Prokaryotic Cell - ANSWER A type of cell lacking a membrane-enclosed nucleus and
membrane-enclosed organelles; found only in the domains Bacteria and Archaea.
Nuclear parts of a cell - ANSWER Nucleus, Chromosomes, Chromatin, Ribosomes,
Nucleolus, Nuclear envelope, Nuclear Pores, and Nucleoplasm
Nucleus - ANSWER a small structure that contains the chromosomes and regulates the
DNA of a cell.
Chromosomes - ANSWER A threadlike, gene-carrying structure found in the nucleus.
Each chromosome consists of one very long DNA molecule and associated proteins.
Chromatin - ANSWER DNA and protein that makes up chromosomes
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