NBME CBSE REAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE 100%
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NBME CBSE REAL
NBME CBSE REAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE 100%
1. Bulbus cordis: Smooth parts (outflow tract) of left and right ventricles
2. endocardial cushions: Atrial septum, membranous interventricular septum; AV and semilunar valves
neural crest
3. left horn of the sinus venosus: co...
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NBME CBSE REAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE 100% 2023-2024
1. Bulbus cordis: Smooth parts (outflow tract) of left and right ventricles
2. endocardial cushions: Atrial septum, membranous interventricular
septum; AV and semilunar valves
neural crest
3. left horn of the sinus venosus: coronary sinus
4. posterior, sub cardinal, and supra cardinal veins: IVC
5. Right common cardinal vein and right anterior cardinal vein: SVC
6. Right horn of sinus venosus: Smooth part of right atrium (sinus
venarum)
7. Patent foramen ovale: failure of septum primum and septum
secundum to fuse after birth
8. Transposition of the great
vessels Tetralogy of Fallot
Persistent truncus arteriosus: Conotruncal abnormalities associated with
failure of neural crest cells to migrate
9. ductus venosus: connects the umbilical vein to the inferior vena
cava, bypass- ing the liver
becomes ligamentum venosum
10.phrenic nerve: innervates the diaphragm and pericardium
11.S3 heart sound: Increased ventricular filling pressure (e.g., mitral
regurgita- tion, HF), common in dilated ventricles
normal in kids and pregnant women
12.S4 heart sound: atrial kick late diastole, right
cardiomyopathy) Always abnormal
13.atria contract: a wave of JVP
14.c wave: RV contraction (closed tricuspid valve bulging into atrium)
wave of JVP
,15.x descent: JVP wave corresponding to downward displacement of
closed tricuspid valve during rapid ventricular ejection phase
reduced or absent in tricuspid regurge
16.V wave: JVP wave corresponding to inc'd RA pressure due to filling
against closed tricuspid valve
17.y descent: JVP wave corresponding to RA emptying into RV
absent in cardiac tamponade
18.plusus parvus et tardus: pulses are weak with delayed peak
Aortic stenosis
19.PR interval: 0.12-0.20 seconds
120 milliseconds
20.QT interval length: 9 - 11 squares = .36 to .44 seconds
21.Hypokalemia: U wave present on ECG
22.Mg sulfate: for torsades de pointe, hypokalemia (can lengthen QT
and cause torsades), and pre-eclampsia (prevent seizures)
23.Romano-Ward syndrome: -Congenital long QT syndrome
-Autosomal dominant, pure cardiac phenotype (no deafness).
24.Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome: -Congenital long QT syndrome
-Autosomal recessive, sensorineural deafness
25.Brugada syndrome: -Autosomal dominant disorder affecting Na
channels most common in Asian males.
-ECG pattern of pseudo-right bundle branch block and ST elevations
in V1-V3 (anterior ventricular septum)
-inc risk of ventricular tachyarrhythmias and sudden cardiac deatgh
Prevent SCD with implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD).
26.Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome: Most common type of ventriuclar
pre-ex- citation sydnrome. Abnormal fast accessory conduction
pathway from atria to ven- ricle bypasses the rate-slowing AV node
causing a delta wave and widening QRS with shortened PR interval.
Could lead to a reentrant circuit and suprvaventicular tachy.
, 27.First degree AV block: - PRI >5 boxes/.20 sec (200 msec)
- Fixed but prolonged
PRI (consistent but
long)
- normally get bradycardia here
28.second degree AV block mobitz type 2: -PR interval is constant
-atrial conduction to ventricle is intermittent: dropped QRS without
increasing PR interval length
-disease below AV node in His bundle
may progress to 3rd degree/complete AV block
29.Second Degree AV Block Mobitz Type 1 (wenckebach): Progressive
length- ening of pr interval leading to dropped QRS
30.third degree AV block: The atria and Ventricles are totally dissociated.
-So, the QRSs and the P waves have no relation to each other.
31.PCWP: 4-12
mmHg est of LA
pressure
32.Williams Syndrome: a genetic condition characterized by mental
retardation in most regards but surprisingly good use of language
relative to their other abilities, elfin facies
Chromosome 7
assoc with supravalvular aortic stenosis
33.DiGeorge Syndrome: Maldevelopment of 3 and 4 pharyngeal
pouches, fascial dysmorphia, cardiac shunt (trunks arteriosus,
tetralogy of Fallot), lack of T-cells, undeveloped paracortex
34.Corneal arcus: Lipid deposits in the cornea. Common in derly,
the el appears earlier in life with hypercholesterolemia but
35.Stanford A aortic dissection: Dissection of the ascending
aorta Tx with surgery
36.Stanford B aortic dissection: Dissection of the descending aorta
below the level o the left subclavian artery
Tx: Beta Blockers then vasodilators
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