In order to understand, analyze and make sense of diverse changes in the social world, research is paramount. This course aims to provide theoretical and applied knowledge in the different methods of qualitative social scientific research and an understanding of how to analyse and interpret the dat...
Four principles of qualitative research
Meaning-making NOT numbers
Complexity NOT causal relationships
Observe phenomena in a natural context.
Comprehensive view NOT causal explanation that can be generalized
Micro insights NOT macro picture
Different epistemological, ontological, and methodological positions
Epistemology – how do we know the world?
Positivist epistemology
Constructivist epistemology – socially constructed notions of family, and
gender shape what you ask and what you see.
Ontology – what is the nature of the (social) world?
Methodology – beliefs related to how the social world.
Methods – concrete ways of studying the social world e.g. method of data
collection or analysis.
A methodological section on paper – methodological literature and justify
what you must do to collect and analyze the data.
Epistemologies + ontologies > lead to different approaches to the research process
Paradigms
Set of views and beliefs that researchers use to guide their work.
Intellectual maps and models
Epistemological + ontological + methodological positions
Two views of communication (two paradigms)
Messages transmission – Focus on the effect on audiences (media effects)
Communication as ritual – Focus on meaning-making as an active
participation drawing upon cultural familiarity.
Predictive
Positivism - Dominant reality exists and scientific truth is knowable and
findable through rigorous testing that is free from human bias → Truth.
Post-positivism - Same as positivism, but while reality exists, people are
flawed and that is why they may not be able to understand it.
Descriptive
Constructivism - Socially constructed notion / filter what you see → You are
informed by the culture you live in
Critical tradition - Reality and truth are shaped by specific historical, cultural,
racial, gender, political, and economic conditions, values, and structures.
Participatory - Emphasizes the subjectivity of practical knowledge and the
collaborative nature of research.
Quantitative Language NO
Hypotheses
Variables
Correlations
Objectivity
Researcher bias
Qualitative research
Qualitative Language
Research Questions
Concepts
Relationships
Reflexivity/Context
Situatedness and intersubjectivity
QUALITATIVE METHODS SUMMARY |BY ROSA CRAANE
, Core features
Insightful
Complex
Emancipartoy
Research process
Intentionally
Theoretically-informed
Methodical process
Choices -explained and justified
Transparency
Qualitative research: Iterative
6 steps of qualitative research projects
Idea
Perspective
RQ
Design
Research
Write
Triangulation: Use of multiple methods to increase the rigor of analysis and to develop in-depth
understandings
Ethics purpose and principles
Protection – for yourself, research subjects, and research data
Basic principles
Informed consent
Required part of research.
People should:
Participate on a volunteer basis.
Understand the study and participation.
Understand risks and benefits.
Able to give consent.
Avoid deception.
Privacy and confidential
Data Accuracy
Respect
Well-being
Justice
How do we engage in ethical research?
Awareness of:
Potential confrontations
Potential harm
Vulnerable people
Disturbance to the research site
Own interaction
Own ignorance
Maintain:
Accuracy
Fairness
Confidentiality
Respect
Sensitivities
Anonymity
Stories are produced with respondents rather than solely by us or by them
Reflexivity - The process of reflecting critically on your role as a researcher
helps researchers understand how their interpretations of evidence are
QUALITATIVE METHODS SUMMARY |BY ROSA CRAANE
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