I know how overwhelming it is to stare at a thick pile of notes and not know where to start. Well, start here. I condensed all of strand 2 into just a few pages (without leaving out any important information). These notes helped me achieve 95% in Life Science for matric and I hope they'll help you ...
endocrine system pancreas
Homeostasis Co-ordination
=maintainence of a constant internal env despite ∆s in the external env Endocrine+Nervous: operate tog to ensure integrated control to mantain homeostasis condition: diabetes mellitus 4. pancreas
what is internal env: immediate surroundings of living cells called tissue [stimulus-> receptor->control centre-> effector(muscle/gland)->response] =chronic disease characterised by high lvls of glucose in the b due to *endocrine(ductless)+exocrine(ducted)
fluid in multicellular orgs undersecretion/problem with insulin [- In SA about 6 mil sudder, 90% adults] 1. exocrine: secretion of pancreatic juice
flows along pancreatic duct into duodenum- helps with chem digestion
how is tissue fluid formed: part of blood(plasma) that leaks out of arterial Hormone 2. endocrine: secretion of hormones by I.L
capillaries due to filtration under pressure into spaces btw cells Type 1: insulin dpndt
a chemical messenger secreted by one endocrine gland or cell into the bloodstream and bcs p not make insulin- glucose remians in b
targeted towards cells in another organ stream instead of moving into cells location Islets of Langerhans(endocrine cells in p)
importance
hormones - alpha cells secrete glucagon
1. mantain internal env of orgs esp higher vertebrates in steady+balc state 1.released from endocrine glands directly into blood
- beta cells secrete insulin
2. establish optimum condition of orgs[conc of water, oxygen...] 2. travel in blood to target organs[affect certain cells, do not last long- broken down
target organ liver(both)+muscles(only insulin)
enzymes]
Feedback mechanisms 3. causes a response ie metabolic reaction
[Response is slower but longer lasting than nervous system] glucose
-> negative
4. hyperactive:Too much of the hormone being secreted -> hypersecretion - simple form of sugar(monosac)
-control mechanism whereby a ∆ from set point of any factor is corrected by
hypoactive: Too little of the hormone being->hyposecretion -soluble- transport in b
bring about a change in the oppdirection back to the normal - fuel for c.r., only enters cells if insulin present
e.g. TSH+thyroxin, insulin+glucagon, pit gland +ovaries, testes
exocrine- secretions carried in ducts where needed e.g. salivary glands, liver, pancreas
endocrine glands do not have ducts+secretions are carried in bloodstream to target org poor management: serious life-threatening implication glycogen
->positive -insoluble polysac
Endocrine glands: vascular, ductless glands that secrete hormones directly into the - short term: large quant dilute urine, extreme thirst, nausea, vomiting, coma
A deviation from norm continues in the same direction - long-term goals: prolong life+prevent complication e.g. blindness, kidney failure, -storage from of glucose in a
bloodstream to reach their target organs.]
ie.continues to get more/ less[not mantain homeostasis instead amplifies amputation of limbs+incr risk of heart attack+stroke
- found abundantly in liver+muscle
responses+processes, moving system further away from starting cond. ] -future cures on horizon- pancreas transplants
e.g. *Contractions during labour, Breast feeding function
control lvl of b glucose in blood[normal btw 3.5 and 5.5 mmol/l of b]
1. receptor: detects c∆ from set point-> control centre, processes Type 2: non-insulin dpnt[insulin resistant]
info+activates corrective mechanism -> effector responds+corrects change
insulin:lowers lvl of glucose in b
- by stimulating glucose to be absorbed from b by cells(esp muscle) makes c.m. more
permeable
.location,hormone,target organ, function , abnormality+symptoms
-be converted into storage form as glycogen in liver+muscles[also to fat- store under skin]
-glycagon raises lvl of glucose in b[ antagonistic effects- opposite]
- by stimulating glycogen stored in liver to break down into glucose
endocrine glands - glucose is released into b+incrs lvl[converts stored fat into glucose]
Voordelen van het kopen van samenvattingen bij Stuvia op een rij:
Verzekerd van kwaliteit door reviews
Stuvia-klanten hebben meer dan 700.000 samenvattingen beoordeeld. Zo weet je zeker dat je de beste documenten koopt!
Snel en makkelijk kopen
Je betaalt supersnel en eenmalig met iDeal, creditcard of Stuvia-tegoed voor de samenvatting. Zonder lidmaatschap.
Focus op de essentie
Samenvattingen worden geschreven voor en door anderen. Daarom zijn de samenvattingen altijd betrouwbaar en actueel. Zo kom je snel tot de kern!
Veelgestelde vragen
Wat krijg ik als ik dit document koop?
Je krijgt een PDF, die direct beschikbaar is na je aankoop. Het gekochte document is altijd, overal en oneindig toegankelijk via je profiel.
Tevredenheidsgarantie: hoe werkt dat?
Onze tevredenheidsgarantie zorgt ervoor dat je altijd een studiedocument vindt dat goed bij je past. Je vult een formulier in en onze klantenservice regelt de rest.
Van wie koop ik deze samenvatting?
Stuvia is een marktplaats, je koop dit document dus niet van ons, maar van verkoper zoepearson. Stuvia faciliteert de betaling aan de verkoper.
Zit ik meteen vast aan een abonnement?
Nee, je koopt alleen deze samenvatting voor €8,48. Je zit daarna nergens aan vast.
