Discriminative Stimulus - correct answer-Being able to discriminate b/t different stimuli
The difference between our cell phone ringing and the doorbell ringing, when you are training someone's behavior, it is important that the individual can differentiate between the different ringing
Exti...
CBT Exam Questions And Answers 2024
Discriminative Stimulus - correct answer-Being able to discriminate b/t different stimuli
The difference between our cell phone ringing and the doorbell ringing, when you are
training someone's behavior, it is important that the individual can differentiate between
the different ringing
Extinction - correct answer-the diminishing of a "learned" or "conditioned" response,
when an unconditioned stimulus does not follow a conditioned stimulus (happens in
Operant Conditioning when a response is no longer being reinforced).
Stop reinforcing behavior
Ex) kid screams in the grocery store, mom buys him candy; extinction: mom stops buy
candy when kid screams, and eventually he stops screaming
Extinction Burst - correct answer-a temporary increase in the frequency and intensity of
responding when extinction is first implemented
Fading - correct answer-the process of gradually altering the intensity of a stimulus
Fixed Interval Schedule - correct answer-a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a
response only after a specified time has elapsed (ex. Skinner put rats in a box w/ a lever
connected to a feeder. It only provided reinforcement after 60 secs. The rats learned it
didn't matter how early/often they pushed the lever, they had to wait set amount of time.
As the set amount of time came to an end, the rats became more active in hitting the
lever)
Functional Analysis - correct answer-causes and consequences of a behavior
Generalization - correct answer-the tendency, once a response has been conditioned,
for stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus to elicit similar responses
Negative punishment - correct answer-When a desirable event ends or when an item is
taken away after a behavior. Ex. Getting your cell phone taken away after failing
multiple classes on your progress report.
Negative reinforcement - correct answer-the removal of an unpleasant or adverse
stimulus that increases the probability of that response happening again (ex. putting on
a seatbelt to make the annoying seatbelt buzzer stop) (negative=subtract/remove
Overcorrection - correct answer-a punishment with a penalty- ex) a woman makes a
mess of her room, so she has to clean her room and make everyone's bed in the unit
Positive punishment - correct answer-Add something in order to decrease a behavior
Ex: Spanking
, Positive reinforcement - correct answer-a stimulus presented after a response that
increases the probability of that response happening again (ex. Getting paid for good
grades or gaining privileges at home for good behavior) (positive=add or apply)
Habituation - correct answer-an organism's decreasing response to a stimulus w/
repeated exposure to it. Ex. Car horn or emergency vehicle sirens while you're driving in
the city that you ignore/don't notice much
Shaping - correct answer-Successive approximations of a desired behavior (ex. Teach
dog to sit, by first standing still)
A technique where new behavior is produced by reinforcing responses that are similar
to the desired response
Systematic Desensitization - correct answer-Treatment for phobias, or other strong
conditioned emotions, in which the client is exposed to progressively more anxiety-
inducing stimuli and taught relaxation techniques
Major Steps:
-Rationale
-Assessment
--Identification of emotion-provoking situations
--Imagery assessment
-Intervention
--Hierarchy construction
--Selection and training of counter-conditioning or coping response
--Scene presentation
-Homework and follow-up
Token Economy - correct answer-A token economy is a form of behavior modification
designed to increase desirable behavior and decrease undesirable behavior with the
use of tokens. Individuals receive tokens immediately after displaying desirable
behavior. The tokens are collected and later exchanged for a meaningful object or
privilege.
B.F. Skinner - correct answer-Became famous for his ideas in behaviorism and his work
w/ rats; his ideas center around operant conditioning, which, in essence, is the idea that
behavioral responses are strengthened when followed by a reinforcer and diminished
when followed by a punisher
Ivan Pavlov - correct answer-famous contributor in the study of learning (1849-1936);
originally studied salivation and digestion, but he stumbled upon what has become
known as "classical conditioning" while he was experimenting on his dog. He
discovered that a neutral stimulus (any stimulus that produces no conditioned response
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