Case 13: A fictious scientific debate BBS1001 2023/2024
17 oktober 2023
Keywords
- Genotype and phenotype
- Development of different species
- Inheritance
- Evolution
- Acquired characteristics
- Evolution theories
- Darwin
- Gain or loss of functionality by the environment
- Lamarck
- Epigenetic
- Gene transfer
Problem statement
Genetic evolution
Learning goals
1. What is evolution?
2. Darwin’s and Lamarck’s evolution theories
3. Difference between those theories (conception of species, mechanism of new
species production, example)
4. What is epigenetics in Lamarckism? (DNA methylation, histone modification,
chromatin structure, RNA modification)
5. What is speciation?
, Case 13: A fictious scientific debate
1. What is evolution?
Evolution I the process by which different kinds of living organism are believed to have
developed from earlier forms during the history of the earth. Species change in the
characteristics over several generations and relies on the process of natural selection.
- The theory of evolution is based on the idea that all species are related and gradually
change over time.
- Evolution relies on there being genetic variation in a population which affects the
physical characteristics (phenotype) of an organism.
- Some of these characteristics may give the individual an advantage over other
individuals which they can then pass on to their offspring.
Natural selection (survival of the fittest)
- Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution states that evolution happens by natural
selection.
- Individual in a species show variation in their phenotype. This variation is because of
differences in their genes.
- Individuals with characteristics best suited to their environment are more likely to
survive in finding food, avoiding predators, and resisting diseases. These people are
more likely to pass their genes on to their offspring.
- As a consequence, those individuals most suited to their environment survive and
given enough time, the species will gradually evolve.
Different types of evolution:
Convergent evolution
When the same adaptions evolve independently, under similar selection pressures. For
example, flying insects, birds and bats have all evolved the ability to fly, but independently
of each other.
Co-evolution
When two species or groups of species have evolved alongside each other where one
adapts to changes in the other. For example, flowering plants and pollinating insects such as
bees.
Adaptive radiation
When a species splits into a number of new form when a change in the environment makes
new resources available or creates new environmental challenges or new natural barriers.
For example, finches on the Galapagos have developed different shaped beaks to take
advantage of the different kinds of food available on different islands.
Divergent evolution
Parallel evolution
2. Darwin’s and Lamarck’s evolution theories
Darwin’s theory
Natural selection:
1. Overproduction: individuals produce more offspring than necessary for the survival
of the species.
Voordelen van het kopen van samenvattingen bij Stuvia op een rij:
Verzekerd van kwaliteit door reviews
Stuvia-klanten hebben meer dan 700.000 samenvattingen beoordeeld. Zo weet je zeker dat je de beste documenten koopt!
Snel en makkelijk kopen
Je betaalt supersnel en eenmalig met iDeal, creditcard of Stuvia-tegoed voor de samenvatting. Zonder lidmaatschap.
Focus op de essentie
Samenvattingen worden geschreven voor en door anderen. Daarom zijn de samenvattingen altijd betrouwbaar en actueel. Zo kom je snel tot de kern!
Veelgestelde vragen
Wat krijg ik als ik dit document koop?
Je krijgt een PDF, die direct beschikbaar is na je aankoop. Het gekochte document is altijd, overal en oneindig toegankelijk via je profiel.
Tevredenheidsgarantie: hoe werkt dat?
Onze tevredenheidsgarantie zorgt ervoor dat je altijd een studiedocument vindt dat goed bij je past. Je vult een formulier in en onze klantenservice regelt de rest.
Van wie koop ik deze samenvatting?
Stuvia is een marktplaats, je koop dit document dus niet van ons, maar van verkoper jayadewin1. Stuvia faciliteert de betaling aan de verkoper.
Zit ik meteen vast aan een abonnement?
Nee, je koopt alleen deze samenvatting voor €5,22. Je zit daarna nergens aan vast.
