Case 7: A little tale from long, long ago BBS1001 2023/2024
26 september 2023
Keywords
- Energy efficiency
- Sugary compounds
- Cells
- Joint venture
- Waste production
- Clear gas
- Metabolic poison
- Decreasing of body weight
- Power stations of cell
- DNP
- ATP
Problem statement
Energy production mitochondria
Brainstorming
- ATP
- Structure mitochondria
- Inner- and outer membrane
- Aerobic and anaerobic (mitochondria)
- Fatty acid
- Glucose
Learning goals
1. Structure and function mitochondria.
2. Energy production steps. (glycolysis, acetyl-CoA, Krebs cycle, ion transport system)
3. What are the factors that can affect energy production.
4. Origin of mitochondria (endosymbiotic theory)
5. Anaerobic glycolysis.
, Case 7: A little tale from long, long ago
1. Structure and function mitochondria
ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is the energy currency of the cell, and is produced in a process
known as cellular respiration. Though the process begins in the cytoplasm, the bulk of the
energy produced comes from later steps that take place in the mitochondria. Like we saw
with the nuclear envelope, there are actually two lipid bilayers that separate the
mitochondrial contents from the cytoplasm. We refer to them as the inner and outer
mitochondrial membranes. If we cross both membranes we end up in the matrix, where
pyruvate is sent after it is created from the breakdown of glucose (this is step 1 of cellular
respiration, known as glycolysis).The space between the two membranes is called the
intermembrane space, and it has a low pH(is acidic) because the electron transport chain
embedded in the inner membrane pumps protons (H+) into it. Energy to make ATP comes
from protons moving back into the matrix down their gradient from the intermembrane
space.
Mitochondria are also somewhat unique in that they are self-replicating and have their own
DNA, almost as if they were a completely separate cell. The prevailing theory, known as the
endosymbiotic theory, is that eukaryotes were first formed by large prokaryotic cells
engulfing smaller cells that looked a lot like mitochondria (and chloroplasts). Instead of
being digested, the engulfed cells remained intact and the arrangement turned out to be
advantageous to both cells, which created a symbiotic relationship.
Mitochondrial compartments
- The outer mitochondrial membrane
- The intermembrane space
- The inner mitochondrial membrane
- The cristae
- The matrix (water, enzymes, mitochondrial DNA, ribosomes, nucleotide co-factor)
Oxysome package of oxidative
enzymes.
Oxysomes are the structures which
are present on the surface of the
folded inner membrane of the
mitochondria. They are also called
f0-f1 particles or ATP synthase. They
play the most important role in the
formation of energy for the
functioning of the cell. The F1
subunit of the oxysome is referred as
the head.
Cristae are there for an increased surface area.
2. Energy production steps. (glycolysis, acetyl CoA, Krebs cycle, ion transport system)
Glycolysis
Takes place in the cytosol of a cell.
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